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histology let > Blood > Flashcards

Blood Flashcards

1
Q

specialized connective tissue consisting og cells and fluid extracellular material called plasma

A

blood

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2
Q

percent of an adult’s weight

A

10%

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3
Q

what are the three formed elements

A

erythrocytes, leukocytes, and platelets

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4
Q

life span of platelets

A

8-12

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5
Q

what is the origin of platelets?

A

megakaryocytes

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6
Q

large bone marrow cell with lobulated nucleus; responsible for the production of thrombocytes needed for normal blood clotting

A

plasma

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7
Q

color of blood if saturated with oxygen

A

bright red

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8
Q

color of blood if deoxygenated

A

dark red or purple

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9
Q

temperature of blood

A

38˚c

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10
Q

pH of blood

A

7.35-7.45

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11
Q

functions of blood

A

transport nutrients, regulate body temperature, coagulation, osmotic and acid-base balance

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12
Q

percent of plasma in buffy coat

A

55%

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13
Q

normal value of platelets

A

150,000-400,000

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14
Q

percent of buffy coat: platelets and leukocytes

A

less than 1%

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15
Q

percent of erythrocytes in buffy coat

A

45%

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16
Q

normal erythrocyte count

A

3.5-5.5 million per millimeter cube

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17
Q

what are the major plasma proteins?

A

albumins, globulins, fibrinogen, and complement proteins

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18
Q

major and most abundant blood plasma protein, smallest in size

A

albumin

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19
Q

role of albumin

A

exert colloidal osmotic pressure within the circulatory system

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20
Q

albumin is a carrier protein of what hormones?

A

thyroxine

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21
Q

function specifically for defense; largest fraction of globulins

A

immunoglobulins

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22
Q

what secretes immunoglobulins?

A

plasma cells

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23
Q

what secretes immunoglobulins?

A

plasma cells

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24
Q

contains colloidal osmotic pressure and is secreted by liver

A

non-immunoglobulins

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25
Q

what serves as a carrier for copper, iron, and globin?

A

alpha globulin and beta globulin

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26
Q

largest plasma protein and least abundant

A

fibrinogen

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27
Q

function of fibrinogen

A

clotting formation

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28
Q

comprise a defensive system important in inflammation and destruction of different microorganisms

A

complement proteins

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29
Q

the tetrameric, oxygen-carrying protein that accounts for the cell’s uniform acidophilia

A

hemoglobin

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30
Q

what removes worn out RBC from the circulation

A

marcophages of the pleen, liver, and bone marrow

31
Q

structure of RBC

A

biconcave disk, enucleated

32
Q

female rbc count

A

3.9-5.5

33
Q

male rbc count

A

4.1 - 6

34
Q

function of erythrocytes

A

transport gases through hemoglobin attachment

35
Q

life span of RBC

A

120

36
Q

What are the proteins that maintain the shape of the cells?

A

Band 3 protein, glycophorin A, spectrin, ankyrin

37
Q

normal count of leukocytes

A

6,000-10,000

38
Q

two groups of leukocytes

A

granulocytes and agranulocytes

39
Q

what are the three granulocytes?

A

neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils

40
Q

differential count of neutrophils

A

60-70%

41
Q

the azurophilic primary granules of neutrophils are?

A

myeloperoxidase, lysozyme, and defensins

42
Q

generates hypochlorite and other agents toxic to bacteria

A

myeloperoxidase

43
Q

degrades components of bacterial cell walls

A

lysozyme

44
Q

small cysteine-rich proteins that bind and disrupt the cell membranes of many types of microorganism

A

defensins

45
Q

differential count of eosinophils

A

2-4%

46
Q

differential count of basophils?

A

0.5%

47
Q

modulates immune respone

A

basophil

48
Q

what are the agranulocytes?

A

lymphocytes and monocytes

49
Q

differential count of lymphocytes

A

28%

50
Q

functions for t-cell mediated and b humoral immunity

A

lymphocytes

51
Q

differential count of monocyte

A

5%

52
Q

precursor cells of macrophages with kidney-shaped nuclei

A

monocytes

53
Q

bilobed

A

eosinophil

54
Q

s-j shaped nucleus

A

basophils

55
Q

round-shaped nucleus

A

lymphocytes

56
Q

basis of classification of anemia; measures the volume of RBC

A

Mean Corpuscular Volume

57
Q

normal MCV count is between 80-100

A

normocytic

58
Q

What are the non-hemolytic normocytic

A

iron-deficiency anemia, anemia of chronic disease, aplastic anemia, chronic kidney disease

59
Q

what are the hemolytic normocytic

A

G6PD and sickle cell anemia

60
Q

less than 80 femtoliter

A

microcytic

61
Q

what are under microcytic?

A

thalassemia, anemia of chronic disease, IDA

62
Q

late stage of IDA

A

lead poisoning and sideroblastic anemia

63
Q

100 femtoliter

A

macrocytic

64
Q

what is under macrocytic?

A

fanconi anemia, folate deficiency, vitamin b12 deficiency

65
Q

regulates activities and cytokine secretion of many leukocytes and other cells

A

interleukin-1

66
Q

motpgen for activated T and B cells; promotes differentiation of NK cells

A

interleukin-2

67
Q

mitogen for all granulocyte and megakaryocyte progenitor cells

A

interleukin-3

68
Q

promotes development of basophils and mast cells and b-lumphocyte activation

A

interleukin-4

69
Q

promotes development and activation of eosinophils

A

interleukin-5

70
Q

mitogen for many leukocytes; promotes activation of b cells and regulatory t cells

A

interleukin-6

71
Q

major mitogen for all lymphoid stem cells

A

interleukin-7

72
Q

mitogen for megakaryoblasts and their progenitor cells

A

thrombopoietin

73
Q

mitogen for all eythroid progenitor and precursor cells

A

erythropoietin

74
Q

mitogen for all hemopoietic progenitor cells

A

stem cell factor

histology let (9 decks)

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