microevolution

Question 1

microevolution

Answer 1

change in allele frequency in a population

Question 2

gene pool

Answer 2

collection of all alleles in a popultion. sex shuffles these alleles every generation

Question 3

hardy-weinberg formula

Answer 3

p^2 + 2pq + q^2=1

p is dominant and q is recessive

can use to test for evolution in a popultion. if expected=observed then no effect of evolution on genotype

Question 4

evolutionary mechanisms that affect allele freqencies

Answer 4

-natural selection
-non-random mating
-mutation
-genetic drift
-gene flow

Question 5

2 causes of genetic drift

Answer 5

genetic drift= random event that causes change in allele frequency
**greater effects on SMALL POPULATIONS

1. founder effect (founder, new population eg. blue family)
2. genetic bottleneck (survivor eg. almost extinction)

Question 6

fixation

Answer 6

when genetic drift leads to only one allele left in the population

Question 7

gene flow

Answer 7

alleles mve between populations
immigration/emigration
–>gene flow increases allae frequency between the two populations. overtime populations’ allele frequency will become identical

Question 8

mutation

Answer 8

causes genetic variation in a population

Question 9

adaptive vs. non adaptive evolution

Answer 9

adaptive= Evolution that results in
a BETTER FIT between
individuals and their environmenteg) natural selection

non-adaptive =chance events eg) genetic drift, gene flow, mutations

Question 10

hardy-weinburg principle assumes that

Answer 10

no evolutionary changes occur (natural selection, gene flow, genetic drift, mutations, and non-random mating)