macroevolution

Question 1

4 types of species and differentiate between them:

Answer 1

1. biological species (reproductively isolated, no interbreeding) eg. foxes and dogs cant produce viable offspring
2. morphological species (similar strcutures to one another)
3. phylogentic species (monophyletic group on tree)
4. ecological species (share same ecological characteristics like resources and environmental tolerances)

Question 2

speciation causes

Answer 2

1. allopatric isolation-physical barrier, evolve differnt and cant produce viable offspring
2. sympatric speciation- disruptive selection, ends up having reproductive barriers and mutations so they cant produce viable offspring

Question 3

speciation vs. adaptive radiation

Answer 3

s= gradual splts, each node on phylogentic tree is a speciation event

a=sudden and causes many species at once.

Question 4

factors that cause adaptive radiation

Answer 4

1. ecological opportunities (external factors to organism)
   -mass extinction, open habitats
2. organism innovations (new morphology)
   -like mammalian teeth adaption- evolution of dentition

Question 5

radiation of mammals arose due to a variety of factors:

Answer 5

1. evolution of dentition (organism innovation)
2. extinction of dinos (less predation and open niches)
3. flowering plants/angiosperms (allowed for habitat and food)

*2 and 3 are ecological opportunities