13.3, 13.4

Question 1

What is it called when it’s a carbon molecule with benzene ring and -OH group?

Answer 1

Phenols (Phenolics)

Question 2

What is the MOA of Phenols?

Answer 2

Denature proteins and membranes

Question 3

What chemical category does carbolic acid, lysol, and triclosan belong to?

Answer 3

Phenols

Question 4

What is the MOA of Heavy metals?

Answer 4

Binds to and inhibits proteins

Question 5

Which heavy metal treated syphilis but was banned bc of neural toxicity effects

Answer 5

Mercury

Question 6

Which Heavy metal is used today to treat burn wounds, pediatric opthalmia, neonatorum, and in antibiotics?

Answer 6

Silver

Question 7

Which Heavy metal is used as algicide to treat pools?

Answer 7

Copper sulfate

Question 8

Which Heavy metal is used in mouthwashes, calamine lotion, and baby powder

Answer 8

Zinc

Question 9

What chemical type does iodine, chlorine, and fluorine belong to?

Answer 9

Halogens

Question 10

Which halogen oxidizes cellular components commonly used as a iodophor (complex with organic molecule)

Answer 10

Iodine

Question 11

Which halogen is combined with H20 to make hypochlorous acid to treat water?

Answer 11

Chlorine

Question 12

What is used to make chloramine? Which chemical type does it belong to?

Answer 12

Cl and NH3 - very stable; “swimming pool smell”

Question 13

Which Halogen is most recognizable with dental products?

Answer 13

Fluorine

Question 14

Which chemical type is used as disinfectants and antiseptics and is used as 70% to allow better cell penetration?

Answer 14

Alcohols

Question 15

What is the MOA of Alcohols?

Answer 15

Disrupts membranes and denatures cytoplasmic proteins -> lysis

Question 16

What chemical type lowers surface tension of water?

Answer 16

Surfactant

Question 17

In most soaps and detergents; aid in _______

Answer 17

Degerming

Question 18

What surfactant are fatty acid salts?

Answer 18

Soaps

Question 19

What surfactant are synthetic polar and non-polar molecules

Answer 19

Detergents

Question 20

What are cationic detergents called?

Answer 20

Quaternary ammonium salts

Question 21

T/F Quaternary ammonium salts cannot insert into the lipid bilayer because they’re not similar to phospholipids

Answer 21

False, they’re a surfactant that are similar to phospholipids and can insert into the lipid bilayer to break it down

Question 22

What is an example of a quaternary ammonium salt?

Answer 22

Common day lysol

Question 23

What chemical type has cationic molecules that have antiseptic properties?

Answer 23

Bisbiguanides

Question 24

What is the MOA of Bisbiguanides?

Answer 24

Disrupt the membrane and congeal cytoplasmic contents

Question 25

What are bisbiguanides not active against?

Answer 25

Naked viruses, M. Tuberculosis, and spores

Question 26

What Bisbiguanide is a common surgical scrub and longer lasting that iodophors?

Answer 26

Chlorhexidine

Question 27

Which Bisbiguanide is a faster acting surgical scrub “up and coming”?

Answer 27

Alexidine

Question 28

Which chemical type is a strong disinfecting agent that replaces hydrogen atoms with alkyl group?

Answer 28

Alkylating Agents

Question 29

What is the MOA of Alkylating Agents?

Answer 29

Inactivates enzymes and nucleic acids

Question 30

Which alkylating agents fixes specimens by cross-linking proteins?

Answer 30

Formaldehyde

Question 31

Which alkylating agents acts faster than formaldehyde; common disinfectant of surgical equipment?

Answer 31

Glutaraldehyde

Question 32

Which alkylating agent is a gaseous sterilizer that has high penetrating ability?

Answer 32

Ethylene oxide

Question 33

Which alkylating agent is a clear liquid of vapor with strong odor; wide variety of sterilization; medical, tissue, milk, etc.?

Answer 33

B-propionolactone

Question 34

Which chemical type is an oxidizing agents used as disinfectants or antiseptics; produce radical oxygen to disrupt macromolecules

Answer 34

Peroxygens

Question 35

Which peroxygen is a common and cheap disinfectant?

Answer 35

Hydrogen peroxide

Question 36

Which peroxygen is more effective than H2O2 (hydrogen peroxide); immune to inactivation by catalases and peroxidases ?

Answer 36

Peracetic acid

Question 37

Which peroxygen is present in acne medications; very effective against Prionibacterium acnes?

Answer 37

Benzoyl Peroxide

Question 38

Which peroxygen is used to clean air and water supply?

Answer 38

Ozone gas

Question 39

What is it called when pressure and temp are increased in molecules to have properties between liquid and gas?

Answer 39

Supercritical fluids

Question 40

What does supercritical fluids allow?

Answer 40

For easier cell penetration and formation of carbonic acid and increase acidity

Question 41

Which preservatives inhibits various cellular enzymes, increases efficacy as oH decreases, and is added into a variety of foods; dairy, bread, fruit, and veg

Answer 41

Sorbic acid

Question 42

Which preservatives decreases intracellular pH, interferes with oxidative phosphorylation and AA (amino acid) uptake; found naturally in fruits, berries, spices and fermented foods?

Answer 42

Benzoic acid

Question 43

Which preservative inhibit enzymes and decrease intracellular pH; more effective at higher pH than sorbic or benzoic; naturally produced by some cheeses; added to other cheeses, and baked goods; added to raw dough to prevent contamination by B. Mesentericus?

Answer 43

Propionic acid

Question 44

Which preservative has an unclear MOA, prevents browning of foods, used in winemaking, and dissolves in water readily (sulfites)

Answer 44

Sulfur Dioxide

Question 45

Which preservative is when nitric oxide reacts with iron sulfur groups and disrupts the ETC; added to processed meats; nitrosamines (carcinogen) produced when nitrite-preserved meats are heated

Answer 45

Nitrites

Question 46

Which preservative is natural and disrupts G+ cell wall production, produced by Lactococcus lactis, and is used to preserve cheeses, meats, and beverages?

Answer 46

Nisin

Question 47

Which preservative is a natural antifungul macrolide antibiotic (disrupts fungal cell membrane), prevents bacterial protein synthesis, and used in cottage, sliced, and shredded cheese?

Answer 47

Natamycin

Question 48

Which level of effectiveness kills vegetative cells, fungi, viruses, and endospores?

Answer 48

High level of effectiveness

Question 49

Which level of effectiveness is less effective against endospores and viruses?

Answer 49

Intermediate level of efectiveness

Question 50

Which level of effectiveness kill only vegetative cells and enveloped viruses, not endospores and naked viruses?

Answer 50

Low level of effectiveness

Question 51

Which disinfectant/preservative effectiveness testing tests. How strong an agent is relative to phenol?

Answer 51

Phenol Coefficient

Question 52

Which 2 are used as test organisms in the Phenol Coefficient test? And which has Gram + or -

Answer 52

Staphylococcus aureus: gram + Salmonella enterica: gram -

Question 53

What does it mean if there’s a phenol coefficient of <1.0?

Answer 53

Chemical is less effective than phenol (formalin)

Question 54

What does it mean if there is a phenol coefficient >1.0?

Answer 54

Chemical is more effective than phenol (chloramine)

Question 55

Why is the phenol coefficient test is no longer used?

Answer 55

Bc conditions and organisms arbitrarily chosen

Question 56

What disinfectant/preservative effectiveness testing measures degree of inhibition using sterile filter paper disks with chemicals?

Answer 56

Disk diffusion

Question 57

Which disinfectant/Preservative Effectiveness Testing determines agent’s effectiveness on an inanimate surface?

Answer 57

Use-dilution test

Question 58

Which disinfectant/preservative effectiveness testing has stainless steel cylinder dipped in target culture then dried, cylinder then dipped into various concentrations of disinfectant, then transferred to fresh media?

Answer 58

Use-dilution test

Question 59

Which disinfectant/preservative effectiveness testing determine whether disinfectant is contaminated?

Answer 59

In-use test