16.2/15.1

Question 1

What is called when a condition where normal structure and/or function are damaged or impaired?

Answer 1

Disease

Question 2

What is an invasion of pathogen or parasite that lead to disease?

Answer 2

Infection

Question 3

What are things that can be directly measured by clinician

Answer 3

Signs

Question 4

What are things felt by patient that cannot be clinically measured

Answer 4

Symptoms

Question 5

What does it mean when a patient are asymptomatic/subclinical?

Answer 5

A patient is showing no symptoms, so only signs can be observed thru correct testing

Question 6

What is WHO for?

Answer 6

Used globally to classify and monitor disease

Question 7

What is it called when it’s a disease caused by direct effect of a pathogen

Answer 7

Infectious

Question 8

What is called when it’s capable of spreading person-to-person (contagious easily spread)

Answer 8

Communicable

Question 9

What is called when it’s acquired as result of medical procedure

Answer 9

Iatrogenic

Question 10

What is it called when it’s acquired from hospital setting

Answer 10

Nosocomial

Question 11

What is it called when it’s acquired from animal

Answer 11

Zoonotic

Question 12

What is it called when it’s obtained from non-living things such as soil or contaminated objects?

Answer 12

Non-communicable

Question 13

What is it called if it’s not caused by pathogen?

Answer 13

Non-infectious

Question 14

What are the 5 stages of disease?

Answer 14

1. Incubation
2. Prodromal
3. Illness
4. Decline
5. Convalescence

Question 15

Which stage of disease occurs when there is initial entry of pathogen and replication begins

Answer 15

Incubation

Question 16

Which stage of disease occurs where replication continues and host shows signs and symptoms?

Answer 16

Prodromal

Question 17

Which stage of disease occurs where signs and symptoms are most severe in the host?

Answer 17

Illness

Question 18

Which stage of disease occurs where pathogen no. start to decrease; the host’s immune system is weak and vulnerable to secondary infection

Answer 18

Decline

Question 19

Which stage of disease occurs when host starts to recover

Answer 19

Convalescence

Question 20

What is acute disease?

Answer 20

lasts relatively short (hrs, days, week)

Question 21

What is Chronic disease?

Answer 21

lasts longer time (months, years, lifetime)

Question 22

What is latent disease?

Answer 22

Comes in episodes; the pathogen replicates when the disease is active (“comes and go”)

Question 23

Who was the father of epidemiology that had a study that led to the discovery of the contaminated water pump on Broad street was responsible for the 1854 cholera London epidemic?

Answer 23

John Snow

Question 24

What spread pattern is it called when there is a single source for all infected individuals?

Answer 24

Common Source

Question 25

What spread pattern is it called when it's a common source that exists for short time?

Answer 25

Point source

Question 26

What spread pattern is it called when it's a continuous contamination?

Answer 26

Continuous contamination

Question 27

What spread pattern is it called if it's on and off?

Answer 27

Intermittent source

Question 28

What spread pattern is it called when it's direct or indirect person-to-person contact?

Answer 28

Propagated

Question 29

Who was a Crimean War nurse who kept records of soldier illness and death and determined many deaths were from poor sanitation, not battle?

Answer 29

Florence Nightingale

Question 30

Who used epidemiology data of handwashing for better healthcare practices and used carbolic acid as disinfectant?

Answer 30

Joseph Lister

Question 31

What is under observational epidemiology studies?

Answer 31

Descriptive Analytical - Cohort Method - Case-Control - Cross-sectional

Question 32

What type of study is manipulated?

Answer 32

experimental

Question 33

Which type of study is not manipulated?

Answer 33

Observational

Question 34

Which observational study fathers info about a disease outbreak through interviews and examination of medical records; helps develop hypothesis for etiology/causation

Answer 34

Descriptive

Question 35

Which observational study selects groups to evaluate hypothesis?

Answer 35

Analytical

Question 36

Which analytical study uses data from past groups; what about data from current subjects moving forward?

Answer 36

Retrospective; Prospective

Question 37

Which group-based analytical study examines individuals who share a particular characteristic?

Answer 37

Cohort method

Question 38

Which group-based analytical study compares groups with disease to groups without?

Answer 38

Case-control

Question 39

Which group-based analytical study has groups randomly selected, compares disease and no disease at a point in time

Answer 39

Cross-sectional

Question 40

What study uses clinical trials, may have an ethical concern, provide best evidence for etiology, and are usually double-blind studies with humans?

Answer 40

Experimental