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Microbiology for Nursing > 14.4, 14.6, 14.7 > Flashcards

14.4, 14.6, 14.7 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the MOA of antifungal drugs?

A

Disruption of sterol synthesis and membrane integrity

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2
Q

What are imidazoles, triazoles, allylamines, and polyenes prominent drugs of?

A

Antifungal drugs

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3
Q

What antifungal drugs disrupts ergosterol biosynthesis, commonly used in medical and agriculture, and treats infections caused by dematophytes (ringworm, tinea pedis- athlete’s foot, tinea cruris- jock itch)

A

Imidazoles

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4
Q

Which antifungal drugs inhibit ergosterol biosynthesis, administered orally or intravenously, and used for systemic yeast infections: oral thrush, cryptococcal meningitis?

A

Triazoles

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5
Q

Which antifungal drug inhibit earlier step in ergosterol biosynthesis, treat dermatophytic skin infection: athelete’s foot, ringworm, jock itch; an example is terbinafine (Lamisil)

A

Allylamines

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6
Q

What antifungal drugs bind to ergosterol and create pores in the membrane?

A

Polyenes

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7
Q

Which antifungal drug interferes with DNA replication and protein synthesis?

A

Flucytosine

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8
Q

Which antifungal drug inhibit B(1-3) glucan synthesis; penicillin for fungi?

A

Echinocandins

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9
Q

Which antifungal drugs inhibit chitin synthesis?

A

Polyoxins and nikkomycins

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10
Q

Which antifungal drugs interferes with microtubules involved in spindle formation during mitosis?

A

Griseofulvin

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11
Q

What antifungal drug is an antimetabolite for fungal and protozoal mitochondrial cytochrome function

A

Atovaquone

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12
Q

What are the 2 main MOAs of Antiprotozoan Drugs

A

Inhibition of various metabolites and DNA synthesis

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13
Q

What antiprotozoan drug inhibits Electron transport and is used for Malaria, babesiosis, toxoplasmosis?

A

Atovaquone

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14
Q

What antiprotozoan Drug inhibits folic acid synthesis?

A

proguanil

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15
Q

What antiprotozoan drug inhibits DNA synthesis and is used on dysentery, giardia, and trichomoniasis?

A

Metronidazole

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16
Q

What antiprotozoan drugs cleaves DNA within kinetoplasts; binds tRNA and is used on African sleeping sickness, leishmaniasis?

A

Pentamidine

17
Q

Which antiprotozoan drug is unclear, but likely damages target cells by ROS (reactive oxygen species); antimalarial?

A

Artemisinin

18
Q

Which antiprotozoan drug interferes with heme detoxification and is used for malaria and dysentery?

A

Quinolines

19
Q

Which antihelminthic drug is involved with the inhibition of microtubule formation? What spectrum does it have?

A

Mebendazole

20
Q

What antihelminthic drug blocks neuronal transmission in invertebrates causing starvation, paralysis, and death?

A

Ivermectin

21
Q

Which antihelminthic drug inhibit ATP formation under anaerobic conditions?

A

Niclosamide

22
Q

Which antihelminthic drug induce influx of Ca into the worm; paralysis

A

Praziquantel

23
Q

What is the common MOA of Antiviral Drugs?

A

Inhibiting nucleic acid synthesis

24
Q

What antiviral drug does viral enzyme activation and affinity for viral DNA polymerase?

A

Acyclovir

25
Q

What antiviral drugs is made for the treatment of influenza A; MOA: binds to transmembrane protein; blocking escape from endosome prevents RNA release into host cells

A

Amantadine and Rimantadine

26
Q

What antiviral drug has an MOA of inhibition of neuraminidase that aids in release of viral particles from host cell?

A

Oseltamivir

27
Q

These describe what?
- targets CD$+ WBC
- retrovirus; incorporates into host genome (hides)
- rapid development of antiviral drug resistance

A

Why HIV is difficult to treat

28
Q

What usually includes “cocktail” of antivirals to target multiple processes?

A

ART - Antiretroviral therapy

29
Q

Which antiviral in ART blocks RNA -> DNA

A

Reverse transcriptase inhibitors

30
Q

What antiviral in ART blocks processing of viral proteins

A

Protease inhibitors

31
Q

What antiviral in ART prevents integration of viral DNA into host chromosome?

A

Integrase inhibitors

32
Q

What antiviral in ART prevents binding of virus to host cell and merging of envelope and membrane

A

Fusion inhibitors

33
Q

What is it the test called when it’s used to examine degree of susceptibility/resistance?

A

Kirby-Bauer: Disk diffusion

34
Q

What is the area of antibacterial activity around drug impregnated disk called?

A

Zone of Inhibition

35
Q

What is lowest concentration of drug that inhibits visible bacterial growth?

A

Minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC)

36
Q

What is the lowest drug concentration that kills >99.9%

A

Minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC)

37
Q

What is the combo of Kirby-bauer assay and dilution method; strip with antibacterial gradient placed on agar plate?

A

Etest

Microbiology for Nursing (16 decks)

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