6: BONES Flashcards
What are long bones
when the body of the bone is longer than it is wide, with growth plates at either side. Has a hard outer surface of compact bone and spongy inner bone (cancellous bone) containing bone marrow. Both ends of the bone are covered in cartilage to protect the bone and aid shock absorption
Examples of long bones
- Femur
- Humerus
- Tibia
- Metatarsals
- Phalanges
What are short bones
Bones that are as long as they are wide. Consist of a thin layer of compact hard bone with cancellous bone on the inside. Large amounts of bone marrow
What is the primary function of short bones
to provide support and stability with little movement
What are irregular bones
bones that do not fall in the long or short bone category due to their non-uniform shape. Largely cancellous bone with thin outer layer of compact bone
What are sesamoid bones
short or irregular bones embedded in a tendon. Usually present in tendons where it passes over a joint. Serves to protect tendons
Example of a sesamoid bone
Patella (kneecap)
What are flat bones
Flat plates of bone. Anterior and posterior surfaces are formed of compact bone to provide protection, with centre of cancellous bone with varying amounts of bone marrow
Function of flat bones
providing protection to vital organs and being a base for muscular attachment
What are the 5 different types of bones
- Long
- Short
- Irregular
- Sesamoid
- Flat
What is the Epiphysis
each end of the long bone where it widens to form a join
What is the Periosteum
a protective fibrous sheath around the bone - the membrane of blood vessels and nerves that wraps around most of your bones
What is the diaphysis
Middle section/shaft of the long bone
What is the growth plate of a long bone
between the diaphysis and epiphysis - where growing takes place in children. These are fused and not-active in adults
