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head and neck spot test > the larynx > Flashcards

the larynx Flashcards

1
Q

where does the larynx lie

A

underneath the strap muscles of the neck

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2
Q

where does the majority of the thyroid gland sit?

A

inferior to the larynx

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3
Q

what is the function of the larynx?

A

it is involved in phonation and so speech

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4
Q

how do the hyaline cartilages of the larynx articulate w/ each other?

A

via small plane synovial joins

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5
Q

what is the largest cartilage of the larynx?

A

the thyroid cartilage

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6
Q

what forms the laryngeal prominence (Adams apple) ?

A

the thyroid cartilage

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7
Q

how is the thyroid cartilage attached to the hyoid bone?

A

via the thryohyoid membrane

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8
Q

what does the thyroid cartilage articulate w/ inferiorly?

A

the cricoid cartilage

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9
Q

what does the cricoid cartilage articulate w/?

A

the thyroid cartilage superiorly
the arytenoid cartilages inferiorly

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10
Q

where does the trachea sit in relation to the cricoid cartilage?

A

the trachea sits inferior to the cricoid cartilage

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11
Q

how is the trachea attached to the cricoid cartilage?

A

by the cricotracheal ligament

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12
Q

what do the arytenoid cartilages articulate w/?

A

the cricoid cartilage

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13
Q

how do the arytenoid cartilages move the vocal folds?

A

they swivel on the surface of the cricoid to move the vocal folds

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14
Q

how many arytenoid carriages are there?

A

2

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15
Q

which muscles act to move the vocal folds and where do they attach?

A

the posterior and lateral cricothryoid muscles act to move the vocal folds

they attach on the muscular processes of the arytenoid cartilages

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16
Q

what are the vocal processes of the arytenoid carriages for?

A

attachment of the vocal folds

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17
Q

what are the cornicualte and cuneiform cartilages?

A

tiny pieces of cartilage that attach to and support he ayrepiglottic folds between the arytenoid cartilages and the epiglottis

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18
Q

where does the epiglottis lie?

A

over the opening of the larynx

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19
Q

how does the epiglottis communicate w/ the larynx?

A

via the aryepiglottic folds

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20
Q

what is the epiglottis formed of?

A

elastic cartilage

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21
Q

how does the epiglottis bend over the larynx?

A

passively - there are no muscles that move the epiglottis

22
Q

what is the function of the epiglottis?

A

protect the opening of the airway but does not completely seal the top of the larynx during swallowing

23
Q

where does the quadrangular ligament of the larynx pass between?

A

between the arytenoid cartilages and the epiglottis

24
Q

what is the false / vestibular vocal cord?

A

the quadrangular ligament folds over itself to form a thickened free edge

25
Q

what is the true vocal cord formed from?

A

a membrane passing between the cricoid, thyroid and arytenoid cartilages and the upper border of this membrane folds to form a thickened edge called the vocal ligament - this is the vocal cord

26
Q

what forms the false vocal cord?

A

the lower free edge of the quadrangular ligament

27
Q

what forms the aryepiglottic fold?

A

the upper border of the quadrangular ligament

28
Q

what is the function of the false / vestibular vocal cord?

A

protect the true vocal cord beneath it

29
Q

what is the rims glottidis?

A

the most posterior space between the vocal cords

30
Q

where do the true and false vocal cords lie in relation to each other?

A

the false vocal cord is mot superior and the true vocal cord is inferior

31
Q

what are the 2 types of muscles of the larynx?

A

extrinsic
intrinsic

32
Q

what is the function of the extrinsic muscles of the larynx?

A

move the entire larynx as a unit

33
Q

what is the function of the intrinsic muscles of the larynx?

A

move small components of the larynx

34
Q

what are the muscles of the larynx?

A

oblique arytenoid
cricothryoid
thyroarytenoid
lateral cricoarytenoid
posterior cricoarytenoid
transverse arytenoid

35
Q

what nerve innervates all of the muscles of the larynx except for cricothryoid?

A

recurrent laryngeal nerve

36
Q

what nerve innervates cricothryoid?

A

external laryngeal nerve

37
Q

what is the function of oblique arytenoid?

A

pulls the arytenoid cartilages closer together narrowing the gap between the folds

38
Q

what is the function of cricothryoid?

A

tense and elongate the vocal ligaments

39
Q

what is the function of thryoarytenoid?

A

relax and shorten the vocal ligaments

40
Q

what is the function of lateral cricoarytenoid?

A

adduct vocal fold

41
Q

what is the function of posterior cricoarytenoid?

A

abduct vocal fold

42
Q

what is the function of transverse arytenoid?

A

close rima glottis

43
Q

where does the recurrent laryngeal nerve arise from?

A

the vagus nerve

44
Q

explain the course of the recurrent laryngeal nerve

A

it arises from the vagus nerve in the thorax and wraps around either the subclavian artery on the right or the arch of the aorta on the left and then ascends the neck between the trachea and the oesophagus before passing under the inferior constrictor of the pharynx to reach the larynx

45
Q

where do the arteries that supply the larynx arise from?

A

from the thyroid arteries

46
Q

where does the superior thyroid artery arise from?

A

from the external carotid

47
Q

where does the inferior thyroid artery arise from?

A

from the subclavian

48
Q

explain the venous drainage of the larynx

A

veins drain into the superior and inferior thryoid veins

49
Q

where do the superior thyroid veins drain into?

A

the internal jugular veins on either side

50
Q

where do the inferior thyroid veins drain into?

A

both drain into the left brachiocephalic vein

51
Q

explain the lymphatic drainage of the larynx

A

lymphatic drainage of the larynx is to local paratracheal nodes and to the deep cervical nodes

head and neck spot test (18 decks)

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