Digestive System Flashcards

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1
Q

Absorption

A

the nutrients move into the bloodstream

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2
Q

Active Transport

A

the transportation of materials through a cell membrane using energy from the cell

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3
Q

Amino Acid

A

protein in food is broken down into amino acids, which are used by the body for various purposes

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4
Q

Amylase

A

an enzyme that is made by the salivary glands. It breaks down complex carbohydrates

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5
Q

Bile

A

a bitter greenish-brown alkaline fluid that aids digestion and is secreted by the liver and stored in the gallbladder

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6
Q

Bolus

A

the name given to the food once it has been chewed

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7
Q

Carbohydrate

A

organic compounds occurring in foods including sugars and starches

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8
Q

Chemical digestion

A

powerful chemicals digest food

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9
Q

Chyme

A

the walls of the stomach churn food, transforming food chunks into chyme (liquid)

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10
Q

Circular folds

A

occur when the intestine folds in on itself inside the abdomen

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11
Q

Complex carbohydrates

A

such as fiber, are starches formed by longer saccharide chains, which mean take longer to break down

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12
Q

concentration gradient

A

the difference in the number of molecules or ions of a substance in a given volume between adjoining areas

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13
Q

diffusion

A

The movement of a substance from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration

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14
Q

digestion

A

breaks food down into useful nutrients

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15
Q

digestive system

A

a group of organs that do three things: digestion, absorption, and elimination

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16
Q

duodenum

A

first part of the small intestine

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17
Q

elimination

A

the leftover waste is removed from the body

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18
Q

endoscopy

A

any medical procedure that uses an endoscope to look inside the body

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19
Q

enzymes

A

act to chemically break down carbohydrates, fats, and proteins into sugars, fatty acids, and amino acids

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20
Q

esophagus

A

muscular tube connecting the pharynx to the stomach.

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21
Q

esophageal sphincter

A

a muscular “door” between the esophagus and the stomach.

22
Q

facilitated diffusion

A

the diffusion of molecules across a cell membrane via a transport protein

23
Q

fat

A

broken down by enzymes into fatty acids (nutrient required for cell function)

24
Q

fatty acid

A

generate energy and create biologically important molecules

25
Q

fiber

A

a difficult to digest complex carbohydrate that can be broken down into sugar

26
Q

gallbladder

A

stores bile until needed and released through the bile duct into the small intestine

27
Q

gastrointestinal tract

A

the name for the entire digestive tract from mouth to anus

28
Q

hydrochloric Acid

A

HCl is stomach acid

29
Q

Ilium

A

third part of the small intestine

30
Q

Insulin

A

a hormone produced in the pancreas which regulates the amount of glucose in the blood. The lack of insulin causes a form of diabetes.

31
Q

Jejunum

A

second part of the small intestine

32
Q

Liver

A

produces bile that breaks down fats. Contains powerful enzymes that break down chemicals in our food (food additives, alcohol, etc)

33
Q

Lipase

A

an enzyme that digests lipids (fats)

34
Q

Mechanical digestion

A

teeth and muscular contractions in the stomach break down food into smaller particles

35
Q

Microvilli

A

villi that occur in the membrane of the villi

36
Q

Mucus

A

a protective secretion produced by the epithelial cells that form the mucous membrane

37
Q

Nutrient

A

substance that provides nourishment essential for growth and the maintenance of cell function. Include sugars, amino acids, fatty acids, and water

38
Q

Osmosis

A

the movement of water molecules across a membrane from an area of higher concentration to lower concentration (of water molecules)

39
Q

Pancreas

A

secretes digestive juices into the small intestines and produces insulin

40
Q

Passive transport

A

types of transport that do not require energy from the cell (simple diffusion, osmosis, facilitated diffusion)

41
Q

Pepsin

A

enzyme that breaks down protein

42
Q

Peristalsis

A

the muscular contractions that push food through the system

43
Q

Protein

A

broken down by enzymes to create essential nutrient amino acids

44
Q

Pyloric sphincter

A

muscular “door” between the stomach and the small intestine

45
Q

Salivary glands

A

produce saliva that contains enzyme amylase

46
Q

sugar

A

a simple carbohydrate

47
Q

teeth

A

crush food into a bolus

48
Q

tongue

A

helps to move food back and forth in the mouth

49
Q

transport protein

A

proteins are embedded in the cell membrane and help or facilitate diffusion

50
Q

villus

A

tiny, fingerlike projection in the wall of the small intestine that absorbs nutrients.