Component 1 (the Muscular System): Soc 14

Question 1

Define muscle fibres?

Answer 1

Make ip voluntary (skeletal) muscle; divided into type l, type lla and type llx

Question 2

What is type l?

Answer 2

Slow twitch muscle fibres; suited to low intensity work, e.g marathon running as they can be used for a long period without fatiguing

Question 3

What is type lla?

Answer 3

Fast twitch muscle fobres used in anaerobic work; can be improved through endurance training to increase their resistance to fatigue

Question 4

What is type llx?

Answer 4

Fast twitch muscle fibres used in anaerobic work and can generate much greater force than aother fibre types, but fatigue quickly

Question 5

Define Myoglobin?

Answer 5

A red pigment that transports oxygen to the muscles

Question 6

What are the three categories of the muscle system?

Answer 6

• voluntary
• involuntary
• cardiac

Question 7

What is the voluntary msucles?

Answer 7

• Muscles that are your control, you can choose when to contract to relax them. All these muscles are attached to the skeleton via tendon
• Muscles made up of cylinders shaped fibres and are usually long and thin but get shorter and fatter

Question 8

What are involuntary muscles?

Answer 8

• They are msucles that cannot be controlled e.g your heart

Question 9

What are Cardiac muscles?

Answer 9

Muscles only found in the wall of your heart

Question 10

What is vascular muscles?

Answer 10

Muscles relating to the blood vessels

Question 11

What are antagonistic pairs?

Answer 11

Muscles that work together to create movement

Question 12

What are the two antagonistic pairs called?

Answer 12

• One Muscle contracts (agonist)
• The other relaxes (antagonist)

Question 13

What is the Fulcrum?

Answer 13

The point around which the lever rotates

Question 14

What is the articulation?

Answer 14

The state of having a joint; being a joint

Question 15

What is the articulate?

Answer 15

Acts as a joint

Question 16

What is the Gluteals?

Answer 16

Location: in the middle of the body at the back forming the bottom

Function: adduct and extend the leg at the hips pull the leg backwards

Question 17

What is the hamstrings?

Answer 17

Location: at the top of each leg at the back

Functon: felx the legs at the knee

Question 18

What is the Gastrocnemius?

Answer 18

Location: At the bottom of each leg at the back. Also known as the calf muscle

Function: points. The toes (planta-flexion) at the ankle

Question 19

What is the latissimus dorsi?

Answer 19

Location: at the back of the body, either side of the chest

Function: pull your arms down at the shoulders and behind your back (adduct and extend)

Question 20

What is the triceps?

Answer 20

Loction: At the top of each arm at the back

Function: extend the arm at the elbow

Question 21

What are the deltoids?

Answer 21

Location: in the upper part of the body, covering the shoulders

Function: raise the arms in all directions at the shoulders

Question 22

What are the biceps?

Answer 22

Location: at the top of each arm at the front

Function: flex the arm at the elbows

Question 23

What are the quadriceps?

Answer 23

Locations: at the top of each leg at the front

Function: extend the leg at the knee

Question 24

What is the pectoralis major?

Answer 24

Location: in the upper part of the chest at the front

Function: adduct the arm at the shoulder

Question 25

What are the external oblique?

Answer 25

Location: to the side of the abdomen

Function: pull the chest downwards. Flex and rotate the spinal column

Question 26

What is the Tibialis anterior?

Answer 26

Location:L runs down the shin

Function: pulls down the toes up towards the shin (dorsi-flexion)

Question 27

What is the hip flexors?

Answer 27

Location: sit deep in the front of the hip and connect the leg

Function: flex the hip, helps the leg and knee up towards the body