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Anatomy > Axilla > Flashcards

Axilla Flashcards

1
Q

dorsal scapular nerve

A

from anterior primary ramus of C5
(branches off root of C5 directly)

pierces scalenus medius muscle
innervates rhomboid muscles

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2
Q

long thoracic nerve

A

from anterior primary rami of C5,C6,C7
branches off all these roots

pierces scalenus medius muscle
innervates serratus anterior 
-atrophy results in winged scapula
-c5,6,7 will get you into heaven/wings go to heaven
-runs with lateral thoracic artery
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3
Q

SUPRAscapular nerve

A

branches off superior/upper trunk
contributions from c5,c6
(SUPra-SUPerior)

goes through scapular notch
innervates supraspinatus and infraspinatus muscles

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4
Q

nerve to subclavius

A

branches off superior/upper trunk

contributions from C5,c6

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5
Q

lateral pectoral nerve

A

branches off lateral cord
contributions from C5,c6,c7)

goes through costocoracoid membrane
innervates pectoralis major

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6
Q

medial pectoral nerve

A

branches off medial cord
contributions from C8, T1

innervates both pectoralis major and minor

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7
Q

medial brachial cutaneous

A

branches off medial cord
contributions from T1
small, easily broken during dissection

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8
Q

medial antebrachial cutaneous

A

branches off medial cord
contributions from C8, T1
long, very superficial

-do not confuse with ulnar nerve

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9
Q

upper subscapular nerve

A

branches off posterior cord
contributions from C5,C6

innervates subscapularis muscle

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10
Q

thoracodorsal nerve (middle subscapular nerve)

A 
branches off posterior cord
contributions from (C6) C7 C8

innervates latissimus dorsi

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11
Q

lower subscapular nerve

A

branches off posterior cord
contributions from C5,C6

innervates subscapularis muscle and teres major

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12
Q

axillary nerve

A

terminal branch of brachial plexus
contributions from C5,C6
branches off posterior cord

innervates deltoid and teres minor muscles
-travels with posterior humeral circumflex artery

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13
Q

radial nerve

A

terminal branch of brachial plexus
contributions from all roots (c5,c6,c7,c8,[t1])
branches off of posterior cord

goes to all dorsal muscles of the upper limb

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14
Q

musculocutaneous nerve

A

terminal branch of brachial plexus
contributions from c5,c6,c7
branches off of lateral cord

goes to anterior compartment of arm

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15
Q

median nerve

A

terminal branch of brachial plexus
contributions from all roots ([c5}, c6 c7 c8 t1)
joining of lateral and medial cords

major nerve to anterior forearm

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16
Q

ulnar nerve

A

terminal branch of brachial plexus
contributions of [c7] c8 t1
branches off of medial cord

major nerve to hand, minor nerve to anterior forearm

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17
Q

from anterior primary ramus of C5
(branches off root of C5 directly)

pierces scalenus medius muscle
innervates rhomboid muscles

A

dorsal scapular nerve

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18
Q

from anterior primary rami of C5,C6,C7
branches off all these roots

pierces scalenus medius muscle
innervates serratus anterior 
-atrophy results in winged scapula
-c5,6,7 will get you into heaven/wings go to heaven
-runs with lateral thoracic artery
A

long thoracic nerve

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19
Q

terminal branch of brachial plexus
contributions of [c7] c8 t1
branches off of medial cord

major nerve to hand, minor nerve to anterior forearm

A

ulnar nerve

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20
Q

terminal branch of brachial plexus
contributions from all roots ([c5}, c6 c7 c8 t1)
joining of lateral and medial cords

major nerve to anterior forearm

A

median nerve

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21
Q

terminal branch of brachial plexus
contributions from c5,c6,c7
branches off of lateral cord

goes to anterior compartment of arm

A

musculocutaneous

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22
Q

terminal branch of brachial plexus
contributions from all roots (c5,c6,c7,c8,[t1])
branches off of posterior cord

goes to all dorsal muscles of the upper limb

A

radial nerve

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23
Q

terminal branch of brachial plexus
contributions from C5,C6
branches off posterior cord

innervates deltoid and teres minor muscles
-travels with posterior humeral circumflex artery

A

axillary nerve

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24
Q

branches off posterior cord
contributions from C5,C6

innervates subscapularis muscle and teres major

A

lower subscapular nerve

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25
Q 
branches off posterior cord
contributions from (C6) C7 C8

innervates latissimus dorsi

A

thoracodorsal nerve

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26
Q

branches off posterior cord
contributions from C5,C6

innervates subscapularis muscle

A

upper subscapular nerve

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27
Q

branches off medial cord
contributions from C8, T1
long, very superficial

A

medial antebranchial cutaneous nerve

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28
Q

branches off medial cord
contributions from T1
small, easily broken during dissection

A

medial brachial nerve

29
Q

branches off medial cord
contributions from C8, T1

innervates both pectoralis major and minor

A

medial pectoral nerve

30
Q

branches off lateral cord
contributions from C5,c6,c7)

goes through costocoracoid membrane
innervates pectoralis major

A

lateral pectoral nerve

31
Q

branches off superior/upper trunk

contributions from C5,c6

A

nerve to subclavius

32
Q

branches off superior/upper trunk
contributions from c5,c6
(SUPra-SUPerior)

goes through scapular notch
innervates supraspinatus and infraspinatus muscles

A

suprascpular nerve

33
Q

axillary artery

A

divided into three parts by borders of lateral edge of first rib, pectoralis minor, and lower border of teres major

continuation of subclavian artery and continues to be brachial artery

34
Q

superior thoracic artery

A

branch of first part of axillary artery (1 of 1 branch)

supplies the first and second intercostal spaces superficially

35
Q

divided into three parts by borders of lateral edge of first rib, pectoralis minor, and lower border of teres major

continuation of subclavian artery and continues to be brachial artery

A

axillary arter

36
Q

branch of first part of axillary artery (1 of 1 branch)

supplies the first and second intercostal spaces superficially

A

superior thoracic artery

37
Q

thoracoacromial trunk

A

branch of second part of the axillary artery (1 of 2 branches)

arises behind the upper margin of the pectoralis minor muscle
small trunk
divides into four branches (a c d p)

38
Q

branch of second part of the axillary artery (1 of 2 branches)

arises behind the upper margin of the pectoralis minor muscle
small trunk
divides into four branches (a c d p)

A

thoracoacromial trunk

39
Q

acromial artery

A

branch of thoracoacromial trunk

supplies region of acromion process of the scapula

40
Q

branch of thoracoacromial trunk

supplies region of acromion process of the scapula

A

acromion artery

41
Q

pectoral artery

A

branch of the thoracoacromial trunk
pierce the costocoracoid membrane
supplies the pectoralis major and minor muscles

42
Q

branch of the thoracoacromial trunk
pierce the costocoracoid membrane
supplies the pectoralis major and minor muscles

A

pectoral artery

43
Q

clavicular artery

A

branch of the thoracoacromial trunk

small branch that goes to the region of the subclavius muscle

44
Q

branch of the thoracoacromial trunk

small branch that goes to the region of the subclavius muscle

A

clavicular artery

45
Q

deltoid artery

A

branch of the thoracoacromial trunk
enters deltopectoral triangle
travels distally with the cephalic vein

46
Q

branch of the thoracoacromial trunk
enters deltopectoral triangle
travels distally with the cephalic vein

A

deltoid artery

47
Q

lateral thoracic artery

A

branch of second part of axillary artery (2 of 2 branches)

arises behind the lower border of the pectoralis minor muscle
supplies the lower anterior and medial aspects of the axilla and mammary glands
-runs with long thoracic vein

48
Q

branch of second part of axillary artery (2 of 2 branches)

arises behind the lower border of the pectoralis minor muscle
supplies the lower anterior and medial aspects of the axilla and mammary glands
-runs with long thoracic vein

A

lateral thoracic artery

49
Q

subscapular artery

A

branches off third part of axillary artery (1 of 3 branches)

largest branch off axillary artery
branches into two arteries)

50
Q

branches off third part of axillary artery (1 of 3 branches)

largest branch off axillary artery
branches into two arteries)

A

subscapular artery

51
Q

scapular circumflex artery

A

branches off subscapular artery
goes around the scapula between the scapula and teres muscles
gives off branches that pass through the triangular space
ends deep to the infraspinatus muscle - joins the suprascapular artery (from thyrocervical trunk off the subclavian artery) (forms a collateral route for blood from the first part of the subclavian artery to the the third part of the axillary artery)

52
Q

branches off subscapular artery
goes around the scapula between the scapula and teres muscles
gives off branches that pass through the triangular space
ends deep to the infraspinatus muscle - joins the suprascapular artery (from thyrocervical trunk off the subclavian artery) (forms a collateral route for blood from the first part of the subclavian artery to the the third part of the axillary artery)

A

subscapular circumflex artery

53
Q

thoracodorsal artery

A

second branch off of the subscapular artery
travels with nerve of the same name
supplies the latissimus dorsi muscle

54
Q

second branch off of the subscapular artery
travels with nerve of the same name
supplies the latissimus dorsi muscle

A

thoracodorsal artery

55
Q

anterior humeral circumflex artery

A

branches off the third part of the axillary artery (2 of 3 branches)

small, passes anterior to the humerus
joins its posterior counterpart

56
Q

branches off the third part of the axillary artery (2 of 3 branches)

small, passes anterior to the humerus
joins its posterior counterpart

A

anterior humeral circumflex artery

57
Q

posterior humeral circumflex artery

A

branches off the third part of the axillary artery (3 of 3 branches)

larger, passes posterior to the humerous
joins its anterior counterpart
travels with axillary nerve

58
Q

branches off the third part of the axillary artery (3 of 3 branches)

larger, passes posterior to the humerous
joins its anterior counterpart
travels with axillary nerve

A

posterior humeral circumflex artery

59
Q

what is the surface anatomy of the axilla?

A

anterior axillary fold - created by pec major and minor

posterior axillary fold - created by scapula and associated muscles, latissimus dorsi

axillary fossa - armpit

60
Q

what are the boundaries of the axilla?

A

apex = cervicoaxillary canal - connects axilla to side of neck (bony borders)

anterior wall = subclavius, pec minor, pec major covered by their facias

medial wall = serratus anterior muscle and ribs

posterior wall = subscapularis, teres major, latissimus dorsi

lateral wall = humerus, coracobrachialis, biceps brachii muscles

floor = skin and fascia of axilla

61
Q

subscapularis muscle =

A

forms upper part of posterior wall of axilla
on the anterior aspect of the scapula
passes directly in front of the shoulder joint, fuses with its capsule on the lesser tubercle of humerus

origin = subscapular fossa of scapula
insertion = lesser tubercle of humerus
innervation = upper and lower subscapular nerves 
action = medial rotation
blood supply = subscapular vessels
62
Q

name the muscles that form the boundaries of the axilla

A 
pectoralis major
pectoralis minor
subscapularis
teres major
latissimus dorsi
serratus anterior
63
Q

forms upper part of posterior wall of axilla
on the anterior aspect of the scapula
passes directly in front of the shoulder joint, fuses with its capsule on the lesser tubercle of humerus

origin = subscapular fossa of scapula
insertion = lesser tubercle of humerus
innervation = upper and lower subscapular nerves 
action = medial rotation
blood supply = subscapular vessels
A

subscapularis

64
Q

teres major =

A

forms posterior border of axilla
“big round muscle of the shoulder”

origin = inferior angle and axillary border of scapula
insertion = crest of lesser tubercle (aka lesser tubercular ridge or medial lip of intertubercular sulcus)
innervation = lower subscapular nerve
action = adduction and medial rotation of arm
blood supply = subscapular vessels

65
Q

forms posterior border of axilla

origin = inferior angle and axillary border of scapula
insertion = crest of lesser tubercle (aka lesser tubercular ridge or medial lip of intertubercular sulcus)
innervation = lower subscapular nerve
action = adduction and medial rotation of arm
blood supply = subscapular vessels

A

teres major

66
Q

latissimus dorsi

A

posterior border of axilla

origin = spinous processes of Tv7 down to the back/dorsal aspect of sacrum, from crest of ilium to the lower ribs - by way of posterior lamella of thoracolumbar fascia
insertion = about an inch wide, on the lesser tubercular ridge and interterbercular sulcus of the humerus/ between teres major and pec major
action = extends, adducts, medially rotates the humerus, also acts on the shoulder joint
innervation = thoracodorsal nerve/middle subscapular nerve
blood supple = thoracodorsal artery

67
Q

posterior border of axilla

origin = spinous processes of Tv7 down to the back/dorsal aspect of sacrum, from crest of ilium to the lower ribs - by way of posterior lamella of thoracolumbar fascia
insertion = about an inch wide, on the lesser tubercular ridge and interterbercular sulcus of the humerus/ between teres major and pec major
action = extends, adducts, medially rotates the humerus, also acts on the shoulder joint
innervation = thoracodorsal nerve/middle subscapular nerve
blood supple = thoracodorsal artery

A

latissimus dorsi

68
Q

serratus anterior

A

forms medial wall of axilla

origin = ribs 1 through 8
insertion = vertebral border of scapula
action = prevents retraction of scapula (and thus shoulder), assists traps in rotation of the scapula to allow the limb to be raised above 90 degress
innervation = long thoracic nerve
loss of innervation of this muscle leads to winged scapula

69
Q

forms medial wall of axilla

origin = ribs 1 through 8
insertion = vertebral border of scapula
action = prevents retraction of scapula (and thus shoulder), assists traps in rotation of the scapula to allow the limb to be raised above 90 degress
innervation = long thoracic nerve
loss of innervation of this muscle leads to winged scapula

A

serratus anterior

Anatomy (19 decks)

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