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Anatomy > Superficial Face and Parotid > Flashcards

Superficial Face and Parotid Flashcards

1
Q

sensory innervation over the face comes from which nerve?

A

trigeminal nerve, CN 5

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2
Q

what are the three divisions of the trigeminal nerve

A 
ophthalmic division (V1)
maxillary division (V2)
mandibular division (V3)

-three twins; three paired divisions

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3
Q

the ophthalmic division branches into what five nerves

A 
supraorbital nerve
supratrochlear
lacrimal
infratrochlear neerve
external nasal nerve
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4
Q

where does the trigeminal nerve come from?

A

lateral aspect of the pons, follows into the trigeminal ganglion

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5
Q

where does the supraorbital nerve travel?

A

middle of eyebrow, travels upward up the forward and over the top head

largest branch of ophthalmic branch of the trigeminal nerve

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6
Q

where does the supratrochlear nerve travel

A

medial to the supraorbital nerve; inner portion of the eyebrow up to the middle of the forehead

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7
Q

medial to the supraorbital nerve; inner portion of the eyebrow up to the middle of the forehead

A

supratrochlear nerve trajectory

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8
Q

middle of eyebrow, travels upward up the forward and over the top head

largest branch of ophthalmic branch of the trigeminal nerve

A

supraorbital nerve trajectory

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9
Q

where does the infratrochlear nerve travel?

A

travels from inner edge of eyebrow downward to corner of the eye

-between trochlea and medial angle of the yee

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10
Q

where does the lacrimal nerve travel

A

travels from outer edge of eyebrow downward toward middle of the eye

-superior and lateral

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11
Q

where does the external nasal nerve travel?

A

on nose

-immediately inferior to nasal bone

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12
Q

the maxillary division branches into what three nerves

A

infraorbital
zygomaticofacial
zygomaticotemporal

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13
Q

where does the infraorbital nerve travel?

A

comes out of the skull under the middle of the eye, inferiorly
through the infraorbital foramen

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14
Q

where does the zygomaticotemporal nerve travel?

A

pierces the temporal fascia and travels superiorly up the side of the face

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15
Q

where does the zygomaticofacial nerve travel

A

comes out of skill medial to the ear on side of face and travels inferiorly

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16
Q

the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve branches into what three nerves

A

auriculotemporal nerve
buccal nerve
mental nerve

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17
Q

the auriculotemporal nerve travels with what artery?

A

superficial temporal artery

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18
Q

the auriculotemporal nerve travels where?

A

comes out of skull slightly medial to the ear on the side of face and travels superiorly

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19
Q

the buccal nerve (sensory) travels where

A

to cheek

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20
Q

the mental nerve travels where

A

to chin and lower lip

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21
Q

what components travels through the superficial fascia of the face?

A

muscles of facial expression

blood vessels, motor nerves to facial muscles, sensory nerves to skin

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22
Q

what are the three kinds of deep fascia of the face?

A

parotid fascia
buccopharyngeal fascia
temporal fascia

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23
Q
  • covers the buccinator muscle

- extends posteriorly to cover the pharyngeal constrictor muscle

A

buccopharyngeal fascia

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24
Q
  • strong fascia over the temporal fossa

- attached to superior temporal line above and to zygomatic arch below

A

temporal fascia

25
Q

dicuss the muscles of facial expression as a whole

A
  • generally arise from bones or fascia of head and neck and are inserted into the skin of the face
  • phylogenetically developed from a continuous sheath so sometimes indistinct at borders
  • generally (except 1) grouped in relation to the openings they modify (ex orbit, nasal aperture, mouth)
  • all innervated by branches of the facial nerve (CN 7)
26
Q

what nerve innervates all the muscles of facial expression

A

the facial nerve CN VII

27
Q

epicranius muscle

A

frontalis (frontal belly) and occipital belly
aka occipitalfrontalis
draws the scalp backwards and elevates the eyebrows
-surprise

bells palsy = can’t wrinkly forehead or raise eyebrows

28
Q

oblicularis oculi

A

protects the eye from trauma, light, drying
palpebral and orbital parts
closes orbit, covers the globe

bell’s palsy = can’t wink or close eye; risk of cornea drying/damaged

29
Q

corrugator supercilii

A

deeper plane than oblicularis oculi and frontalis

creates vertical wrinkles in skin between eyebrows

30
Q

orbicularis oris

A

important in closing the mouth

bells palsy = lips pursed/protruded

31
Q

buccinator

A

deeper plane
origin = pterygomandibular raphe, maxilla, and mandible
insertion = lips
innervation = facial nerve
action = important for chewing food; aids in closing lips

bells palsy = cant suck cheeks inward

32
Q

pteryhomandibular raphe

A

one origin of the buccinator muscles
connective tissue like attached to the hamulus of the medial pterygoid plate and below the mandible behind the third tooth
serves as the origin for the superior pharyngeal constrictor (gives continuity to the cheek and pharyngeal wall)

33
Q

levator labii superioris alaeque nasi

A

important in opening mouth and facial expressions

34
Q

levator labii superioris

A

elevates upper lip

35
Q

zygomaticus minor

A

elevates lateral part of upper lip
forms the nasolabial furrow (deeps during an expression of contempt)

bells palsy = inabiliy to smile (on damaged side); flatted nasolabial furrow

36
Q

levator anguli oris

A

deeper plane

used in smiling - raises corners of lips

37
Q

zygomaticus major

A

pulls corners of mouth upward and lateral, as in laughing

bells palsy = inabiliy to smile (on damaged side); flatted nasolabial furrow

38
Q

risorius

A

broadens smile

39
Q

depressor anguli oris

A

depresses the corner of mouth

bells palsy = corners of mouth drawn downward

40
Q

paralysis of cranial nerve VII results in what?

A

Bells palsy

41
Q

platysma

A

largest muscle of facial expression
draws corner of mouth downward; widens oral aperture, assists in depressing the mandible
expression of surprise (corners of mouth pulled downward, partially opens mouth)

bells palsy = can’t draw corner of mouth downward or tense the skin of the neck

42
Q

depressor labii inferioris

A

depresses the lower lip

43
Q

mentalis

A

dimples the chin

44
Q

what structures pass through the parotid gland?

A

facial nerve and its branches (TZBMC)
retromandibular vein
external carotid artery

45
Q

what structures emerge from the margin of the gland (face side, not ear side)

A 
parotid duct
superficial temporal artery and vein
auriculotemporal nerve
branches of facial nerve
transverse facial artery
posterior auricular artery and vein
46
Q

where does the facial nerve come through the skull?

A

stylomastoid foramen

47
Q

what muscles are supplied by the facial nerve

A

muscles of facial expression
digastric
stylohyoid

48
Q

what nerve does the facial nerve give off right as it passes through the stylomastoid foramen

A

posterior auricular nerve

49
Q

the upper division of the facial nerve gives off which branches?

A

temporal
zygomatic
buccal

50
Q

the lower division of the facial nerve gives off:

A

buccal
mandibular
cervical branches

51
Q

what are the important arteries in the face

A

facial artery
inferior labial artery
superior labial artery
transverse facial artery

52
Q

the transverse facial artery comes from what branch of the external carotid artery?

A

superficial temporal artery (a terminal branch of the ex carotid artery)

53
Q

what are the important veins in the face?

A

ophthalmic, maxillary, retromanidublar, facial vein, pterygoid plexus of veins
facial vein
angular vein

54
Q

the facial vein begins as what and goes where?

A

angular vein –> facial vein –> joins retromandibular vein to form the common facial vein –> internal jugular vein

55
Q

what drains into the external jugular vein?

A

superficial temporal vein + maxillary vein –> retromandibular vein (in parotid gland) –> posterior division of retromandibular vein joins posterior auricular vein –> external jugular vein

56
Q

what are the layer of the scalp?

A 
skin
connective tissie
aponeurosis
loose connective tissue (allows the epicranius to move)
periosteum of skill
57
Q

discuss the blood supply of the scalp

A

internal carotid artery branches : supraorbital branches, supratrochlear branches (from opthalmic artery)
external carotid artery: maxillary, superficial temporal artery, posterior auricular artery, occipital artery

58
Q

what nerves supply the scalp?

A

all three divisions of the trigeminal nerve
anterior primary rami of C2 and C3 of cervical plexus
posterior primary rami of C2 and C3

Anatomy (19 decks)

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