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Anatomy > Anterior Hand > Flashcards

Anterior Hand Flashcards

1
Q

what are the four compartments of the anterior hand?

A

thenar
hypothenar
central
abbductor-interosseous

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2
Q

the deep fascia of the palm continuous with antebrachial fascia at the wrist is called-

A

palmar carpal ligament

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3
Q

the three types of deep fascia are

A

thenar fascia
hypothenar fascia
palmar aponeurosis

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4
Q

what components are included in the thenar compartment

A 
abductor pollicis brevis 
opponens pollicis
flexor pollicis brevis 
tendon of flexor pollicis longus
recurrent branch of median nerve
arterial branch to the superficial palmar arch (from radial artery, joins with branch from ulnar artery)
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5
Q

what artery and nerve supplies the muscles in the thenar compartment

A

recurrent branch of the median nerve

superficial palmar branch of the radial artery

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6
Q

what muscles are included in the hypothenar compartment

A 
abductor digiti minimi 
opponens digiti minimi 
flexor digiti minimi 
arterial branches from ulnar artery
branches from superficial and deep branches of ulnar nerve
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7
Q

what artery and nerve supplies the muscles in the hypothenar compartment

A

deep branch of ulnar nerve

superficial and deep branches of ulnar artery

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8
Q

what muscles/components are included in the central compartment?

A

4 lumbrical muscles
8 flexor tendons (superficialis and profundus) and their synovial sheaths
superficial palmar arterial arch
digital and muscular branches of the median and ulnar nerves

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9
Q

what arteries and nerves supply the central compartment?

A

digital and muscular branches of superficial pamar arch (joining of radial and ulnar arteries, arch is action “formed” by the ulnar artery)
ulnar and medial nerves (ulnar supplies medial two lumbricals, median nerve supplies lateral two lumbricals)

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10
Q

what muscles are included in the adductor-interosseous compartment?

A 
adductor pollicis (transverse and oblique heads) muscle
3 palmar interosseous muscles
4 dorsal interosseous muscles
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11
Q

what arteries and nerves supply the adductor-interosseous compartment

A

deep palmar arterial arch and branches

deep branch of ulnar nerve

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12
Q

abductor pollicis brevis

A 
origin = lateral end of flexor retinaculum 
insertion = lateral side of base of proximal phalanx of first digit, with flexor pollicis brevis
innervation = recurrent branch of median nerve
action = abduction of thumb
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13
Q 
origin = lateral end of flexor retinaculum 
insertion = lateral side of base of proximal phalanx of first digit, with flexor pollicis brevis
innervation = recurrent branch of median nerve
action = abduction of thumb

thenar compartment

A

abductor pollicis brevis

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14
Q

opponens pollicis

A 
origin = lateral end of flexor retinaculum
insertion = shaft of first metacarpal
innervation = recurrent branch of median nerve
action = opposition of thumb
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15
Q 
origin = lateral end of flexor retinaculum
insertion = shaft of first metacarpal
innervation = recurrent branch of median nerve
action = opposition of thumb
A 
origin = lateral end of flexor retinaculum
insertion = shaft of first metacarpal
innervation = recurrent branch of median nerve
action = opposition of thumb
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16
Q

flexor pollicis brevis

A 
origin = lateral end of the flexor retinaculum 
insertion = lateral side of base of proximal phalanx of first digit, with abductor pollicis brevis 
innervation = recurrent branch of median nerve
action = flexes the thumb
17
Q 
origin = lateral end of the flexor retinaculum 
insertion = lateral side of base of proximal phalanx of first digit, with abductor pollicis brevis 
innervation = recurrent branch of median nerve
action = flexes the thumb
A

flexor pollicis brevis

18
Q

abductor digiti minimi

A 
origin = medial end of the flexor retinaculum 
insertion = medial side of proximal phalanx of fifth digit 
innervation = deep branch of ulnar nerve
action = abducts the little finger
19
Q 
origin = medial end of the flexor retinaculum 
insertion = medial side of proximal phalanx of fifth digit 
innervation = deep branch of ulnar nerve
action = abducts the little finger
A

abductor digiti minimi

20
Q

opponens digiti minimi

A 
origin = medial end of flexor retinaculum
insertion = medial side of entire fifth metacarpal 
innervation = deep branch of ulnar nerve
action = opposition of little finger
21
Q 
origin = medial end of flexor retinaculum
insertion = medial side of entire fifth metacarpal 
innervation = deep branch of ulnar nerve
action = opposition of little finger
A

opponens digiti minimi

22
Q

flexor digiti minimi

A 
origin = medial end of flexor retinaculum
insertion = medial side of base of proximal phalanx of little finger, with abductor digiti minimi 
innervation = deep branch of ulnar nerve
action = flexes little finger
23
Q 
origin = medial end of flexor retinaculum
insertion = medial side of base of proximal phalanx of little finger, with abductor digiti minimi 
innervation = deep branch of ulnar nerve
action = flexes little finger
A

flexor digiti minimi

24
Q

lumbrical muscles

A

4 muscles

origin = tendons of the flexor digitorum profundus 
insertion = radial (thumb) side of extensor tendons on posterior hand 
innervation = first two (lateral two) innervated by median nerve (proper digital nerves); second two (medial two) innervated by ulnar nerve (deep palmar branch) 
action = helps to flex metacarpophalangeal joints (MCP) and extend the interphalangeal joints
25
Q 
origin = tendons of the flexor digitorum profundus 
insertion = radial (thumb) side of extensor tendons on posterior hand 
innervation = first two (lateral two) innervated by median nerve; second two (medial two) innervated by ulnar nerve
action = helps to flex metacarpophalangeal joints (MCP) and extend the interphalangeal joints
A

lumbrical muscles

26
Q

adductor pollicis muscles

A 
origin = transverse head: from second, third, fourth metacarpal bones; oblique head: from capitate in distal row of carpal bones 
insertion = medial side of first phalanx of thumb 
innervation = deep branch of the ulnar nerve
action = adducts the thumb
27
Q 
origin = transverse head: from second, third, fourth metacarpal bones; oblique head: from capitate in distal row of carpal bones 
insertion = medial side of first phalanx of thumb 
innervation = deep branch of the ulnar nerve
action = adducts the thumb
A

adductor pollicis

28
Q

palmar interosseous muscles

A 
origin = metacarpal bone of digit acted upon
insertion = proximal phalax and extensor tendon of digit acted upon 
innervation = deep branch of ulnar nerve
action = adduction of palm

none on middle finger, because the mid line runs through this digit
3 muscles

29
Q 
origin = metacarpal bone of digit acted upon
insertion = proximal phalax and extensor tendon of digit acted upon 
innervation = deep branch of ulnar nerve
action = adduction of palm

3 muscles

A

palmar interosseous muscles

30
Q

dorsal interosseous muscles

A 
origin = from adjacent metacarpal bones of digit acted on 
insertion = base of proximal phalanx and extensor tendon (does not insert on little finger?)
innervation = deep branch of ulnar nerve
action = abduction of palm

4 muscles

31
Q 
origin = from adjacent metacarpal bones of digit acted on 
insertion = base of proximal phalanx and extensor tendon (does not insert on little finger?)
innervation = deep branch of ulnar nerve
action = abduction of palm

4 muscles

A

dorsal interosseous muscles

32
Q

what is the purpose of synovial sheathes and what are the two important sheaths in the anterior hand?

A

reduce friction as flexor tendons pass under the flexor retinaculum

ulnar bursa
radial bursa

33
Q

ulnar bursa contains:

A

8 tendons of flexor digitorum superficialis and flexor digitorum profundus

continues into the little finger but not the second, third, or fourth fingers

34
Q

sheath covering 8 tendons of flexor digitorum superficialis and flexor digitorum profundus

continues into the little finger but not the second, third, or fourth fingers

A

ulnar bursa

35
Q

radial bursa contains:

A

tendon of flexor pollicis longus

continues into thumb

36
Q

what are fascial clefts?

A
  • potential spaces
  • planes of cleavage between fasical membranes
  • may be inside compartments or between compartments
  • midpalmar cleft (medially)
  • thenar cleft (laterally)
37
Q

describe the branching pattern of the median nerve in the anterior hand

A

gives off 3 common palmar digital nerves
these common nerves divide into proper digital nerves that flank the fingers
-proper palmar digital nerves supply the cutaneous innervation to the sides of the digits and the lateral two lumbrical muscles

38
Q

sudescribe the branching pattern of the ulnar nerve in the anterior hand

A
  • does not go through flexor retinaculum
  • palmar cutaneous branch is given off in forearm; above the flexor retinaculum
  • superficial palmar branch : sensory innervation to medial 1 1/2 fingers
  • deep palmar branch : motor innervation to all the muscles in the hypothenar and adductor-interosseous compartments and the medial two lumbricals

Anatomy (19 decks)

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