13.6 Ovarian Tumors Flashcards by tcarlso 3

What is the tumor that can arise from an oocyte?

Germ cell tumors

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What are the cells of the ovary that can develop into sex cord stromal tumors? (3)

Granulosa cells
Theca cells
Fibroblasts

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What is the most common type of ovarian tumor?

Surface epithelial tumors

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What are surface epithelial tumors derived from?

Coelomic epithelium that lines the ovary

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What are the two different subtypes of surface epithelial tumors?

Serous and mucinous cystadenomas

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What are the benign form of serous and mucinous ovarian cysts? Malignant?

Cystadenomas - benign

Cystadenocarcinoma - malaign

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What ages do cystadenomas usually arise in?

30-40 years

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What is the age range that is usually affected with cystadenocarcinoma?

60-70 year old women

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What is the difference in the lining of the cystadenomas vs cystadenocarcinoma?

Cystadenomas = smooth

Cystadenocarcinoma = shaggy

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What are borderline tumors? Are they benign or malign?

Tumors that have both benign and malignant tumors. They are malignant, but behave better than malignant ones

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What are the types of gyn CA that occurs in women with a BRCA1 mutation? (2)

Serous cystadenocarcinoma

fallopian tube carcinoma

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What is the endometrioid type of ovarian tumor? Are these usually benign or malignant?

Ovarian cyst that contains endometrium like tissue

Malignant

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What condition are endometrioid tumors associated with?

Endometriosis

Separate endometrial cancer

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What are Brenner tumors of the ovary? What type of epithelium is contained in them?

Uroepithelium

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Do ovarian surface tumors usually present early or late? What is the prognosis?

Usually present late, and carry a poor prognosis

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Where do surface ovarian tumors tend to spread?

Locally, especially to the peritoneum

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What are the s/sx of surface ovarian tumors?

Vague abdominal symptoms (pain, fullness)

urinary frequency 2/2 compression

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What is the surface marker that is classically elevated in ovarian tumors?

CA-125

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Who do germ cell tumors of the ovary usually occur in?

Women of reproductive age

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What are the two major types of fetal-like tissue ovarian tumors?

Cystic teratoma

- Embryonal CA

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What are the cells that give rise to dysgerminomas?

Germ cells

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What type of cancer arises from the placenta?

Coriocarcinoma

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What is the most common germ cell tumor?

Cystic teratoma

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What are cystic teratomas? Are they benign or malign?

Tumor comprised of fetal tissue, derived from 2+ embryological germ layers

Benign

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What percent of cystic teratomas are bilateral?

10%

When in particular do cystic teratomas have a malignant potential?

When there is immature tissue

What is the most common type of immature tissue type that is found in immature teratomas?

Neuroectoderm

What is a somatic malignancy?

A cancer that is within a tissue type in a teratoma

What is the most common somatic malignancy that arises within a teratoma?

SCC of the skin

What is a struma ovarii?

Cystic teratoma composed primarily of thyroid tissue

What are dysgerminomas?

ovarian tumor composed of germ cells

What is the most malignant *germ cell* ovarian tumor?

dysgerminoma

What are the histological characteristics of dysgerminomas?

large cells with clear cytoplasm and central nuclei (looks like oocyte)

What is the testicular counterpart of a dysgerminoma?

Seminoma

What is the prognosis for a dysgerminoma?

Good--responds to radiotherapy

What lab may be elevated with dysgerminomas?

LDH

Ovarian tumor composed of large cells with clear cytoplasm and central nuclei = ?

Dysgerminoma

What is the most common germ cells tumor in children?

Endodermal sinus tumors

What are endodermal sinus tumors?

Tumors that mimic the yolk sac

What are the histological characteristics of endodermal sinus tumors?

Schiller-Duval bodies--glomerular like structures

What is the lab that may be elevated with endodermal sinus tumors?

AFP

Glomeruloid structures on histological examination of a ovarian tumors = ?

Endodermal sinus tumor

What, generally, are choriocarcinomas?

Malignant proliferation of placenta-like tissue (composed of trophoblasts and syncytiotrophoblasts) NOT villi

What lab is elevated with choriocarcinoma?

beta-HCG

What is the prognosis for de novo choriocarcinoma?

Poor response to chemotherapy

What comprises the functional unit of the placenta?

Villi with surrounding cytotrophoblasts, syncytiotrophoblasts,

What is the key cell that surrounds a placental villus?

trophoblasts

What cells of the placenta are malignant with choriocarcinoma?

trophoblasts (NOT villi)

What are the characteristic of the choriocarcinomas?

Small, hemorrhagic tumor that mets early

Why is it that choriocarcinomas spread early?

It is programmed to invade the endometrium and find blood vessels

What are embryonal carcinomas?

Tumors that are composed of large primitive cells

What are the characteristics of embryonal carcinomas?

Aggressive with early metastasis

What are the histological characteristics of embryonal carcinomas?

Tumors composed of large, primitive cells (embryo-like)

What are the sex cord-stromal tumors composed of?

Cells that resemble the sex cord stromal tissue of the ovary (e.g. Granulosa cells, theca cells)

What do granulosa-Theca cell tumors produce? What, then, are the usual s/sx of these tumors?

Estrogen Excess estrogen (thus s/sx vary with age)

What are the s/sx of granulosa cell tumors in children, child bearing, and postmenopausal women?

Children = precocious puberty Adults = menometrorrhagia Older = resumption of bleeding after menopause

What are Sertoli-Leydig cell tumors?

Tumors composed ot sertoli-Leydig cells that form tubules

What are the histological characteristics of Sertoli-Leydig cell tumors?

Leydig cells that contain characteristics Reinke crystals

What do Sertoli-Leydig cells produce? When, then, are the s/sx of these tumors?

Produce androgen, thus may be associated with hirsutism or virilization

What comprises the functional unit of the testicle?

Sertoli cells surrounded by Leydig cells

Reinke crystals on histological exam = ?

Leydig cell tumor

What are fibromas?

Benign proliferation of fibroblasts

What are the classic symptoms of ovarian fibromas? What is this syndrome called?

Pleural effusions and ascites Meig's syndrome

What are Krukenberg tumors? Histological characteristics? Why?

Mucinous ovarian tumors derived from the GI tract (diffuse CA) Signet ring cells since the mucus produced from these cells pushes the nuclei toward the periphery

What is pseudomyxoma peritonei?

Mucinous material in the peritoneum ("jelly belly")

What mucinous tumor usually affects only one ovary, and which affects both?

One = mucinous cystadenoma Two = Krukeburg met

What is the usual cause of pseudomyxoma peritonei?

Appendiceal tumor--mucinous

13.6 Ovarian Tumors Flashcards

(67 cards)