Flashcards in 6.2 Acute Leukemia Deck (33):
1
What is the basis for acute leukemia?
Accumulation of blast cells d/t cell inability to mature properly
2
Acute leukemia is defined as what?
When there is >20% of blasts in the bone marrow
3
What is the cause of the ssx of acute leukemia?
blast cells crowding out normal cells/not producing normal cells (so anemia, neutropenia, leukopenia etc)
4
Why is there a high WBC count if there are not any mature cells being produced in leukemia?
Tons of blasts
5
What are the histological findings of acute leukemia?
Large, immature cells with punched out nucleoli
6
What is the marker for ALL? AML?
ALL = tdt
AML= myeloperoxidase
7
tdt in the nucleus of an immature WBC = what disease? What is tdt?
ALL
DNApol in lymphoblasts
8
Auer rod = what disease?
AML
9
Down syndrome is associated with what hematological malignancy? What age does this appear after?
ALL
After age of 5 yo
10
Who usually gets ALL?
Children
11
What are the two division of ALL?
B-ALL
T-ALL
12
B-ALL surface markers = ?
CD10
CD19
CD20
13
What is the prognosis for B-ALL?
Good with chemo
14
What parts of the body need to be given prophylaxis of chemo for B-ALL?
scrotum and CSF
15
What are the two translocations associated with B-ALL? Which is associated with children and has a good prognosis, and which with adults and has a bad prognosis?
t(12;21) = kids
t(9;22) = adults (philadelphia chromosome)
16
What are the cell markers for T-ALL?
CD2 thru CD8
17
What are the signs of T-ALL that distinguish it from B-ALL?
Thymic mass in a teenager
18
Diseases whose names end in -oma are what?
Masses
19
What are auer rods?
Crystallized myeloperoxidase--an enzyme only found in myeloblasts, hence why these are pathognomonic for AML
20
Punched out nucleolus = ?
Lymphoblasts
21
Who gets AML?
Old people (50-60)
22
What are the three types of classification in AML?
-Cytogenetic abnormalities
-Lineage of myeloblasts
-Surface markers
23
What is the chromosomal translocation found in acute promyelocytic leukemia?
t(15;17)
24
What disease is caused by a t(15;17)? how?
Acute promyelocytic leukemia
Retinoic acid receptor disrupted, inhibiting promyelocyte maturation
25
Promyelocytes that contain numerous Auer rods, as seen in acute promyelocytic leukemia, poses a risk for what complication?
DIC
26
What is the treatment for acute promyelocytic leukemia?
ATRA (all trans-retinoic acid)--very good prognosis
27
What is the cause of acute monocytic leukemia? What is the telltale sign of this?
Proliferation of monoblasts that lack MPO
Infiltration of the gums = gingival hypertrophy
28
What is the cause of acute megakaryoblastic leukemia? What disease is associated with this?
Proliferation of megakaryocytes that lack MPO
Down syndrome BEFORE age 5)
29
What is the CA that appears before the age of 5 for down syndrome pts? After?
Before = acute megakaryoblastic leukemia
After = ALL
30
What chemotherapeutic agent can lead to AML?
Alkylating agents
31
What condition may cause an increased risk of developing AML?
Preexisting dysplasia
32
What is myelodysplastic syndrome?
Cytopenia with *hyper*cellular bone marrow
33