6.2 Acute Leukemia Flashcards
(33 cards)
What is the basis for acute leukemia?
Accumulation of blast cells d/t cell inability to mature properly
Acute leukemia is defined as what?
When there is >20% of blasts in the bone marrow
What is the cause of the ssx of acute leukemia?
blast cells crowding out normal cells/not producing normal cells (so anemia, neutropenia, leukopenia etc)
Why is there a high WBC count if there are not any mature cells being produced in leukemia?
Tons of blasts
What are the histological findings of acute leukemia?
Large, immature cells with punched out nucleoli
What is the marker for ALL? AML?
ALL = tdt AML= myeloperoxidase
tdt in the nucleus of an immature WBC = what disease? What is tdt?
ALL
DNApol in lymphoblasts
Auer rod = what disease?
AML
Down syndrome is associated with what hematological malignancy? What age does this appear after?
ALL
After age of 5 yo
Who usually gets ALL?
Children
What are the two division of ALL?
B-ALL
T-ALL
B-ALL surface markers = ?
CD10
CD19
CD20
What is the prognosis for B-ALL?
Good with chemo
What parts of the body need to be given prophylaxis of chemo for B-ALL?
scrotum and CSF
What are the two translocations associated with B-ALL? Which is associated with children and has a good prognosis, and which with adults and has a bad prognosis?
t(12;21) = kids t(9;22) = adults (philadelphia chromosome)
What are the cell markers for T-ALL?
CD2 thru CD8
What are the signs of T-ALL that distinguish it from B-ALL?
Thymic mass in a teenager
Diseases whose names end in -oma are what?
Masses
What are auer rods?
Crystallized myeloperoxidase–an enzyme only found in myeloblasts, hence why these are pathognomonic for AML
Punched out nucleolus = ?
Lymphoblasts
Who gets AML?
Old people (50-60)
What are the three types of classification in AML?
- Cytogenetic abnormalities
- Lineage of myeloblasts
- Surface markers
What is the chromosomal translocation found in acute promyelocytic leukemia?
t(15;17)
What disease is caused by a t(15;17)? how?
Acute promyelocytic leukemia
Retinoic acid receptor disrupted, inhibiting promyelocyte maturation