energy intake Flashcards
first law of thermodynamics
energy cannot be created or destroyed
only changed between different forms
how do find out calories
1 calorie = amount of heat required to raise temperature of 1g of water by 1c
gross energy (GE) of food
total chemical energy in food
protein+carbs+lipids+alcohol
how do you figure out GE
bomb calorimeter
organic material to O2 -> CO2 + H2O + oxidese of N + S + heat (GE)
where is energy lost?
faeces (microbes, undigested fibre)
urine (incomplete oxidation of N to urea)
combustible gases from microbial action
energy yielding nutrient chart
ME energy per gram
fat
Fat 37kJ or 9Kcal
energy yielding nutrient chart
ME energy per gram
protein
17kJ or 4Kcal
energy yielding nutrient chart
ME energy per gram
carbohydrate
16kJ or 3.75Kcal
energy yielding nutrient chart
ME energy per gram
alcohol
29kJ or 7Kcal
what happens to the nutrients if you are sick/ill
the body doesn’t retain the nutrients the same
they don’t get processed properly
name factors affecting ME
gastro-intestinal disease
unusual diet composition
renal disease
diabetes mellitus
parenteral nutrition
high fibre diets
gastro-intestinal disease
malabsorption by gut
unusual diet composition
sport supplements
renal disease
increased protein loss in urine
diabetes mellitus
increased glucose loss in urine
