Pharma Flashcards
enoxaparin (Lovenox)
anticoagulant “low molecular weight heparin”. Increase the time it takes a blood clot to form. Used operatively including during pregnancy to prevent DVT and pulmonary embolism
ketorolac (Toradol IV/IM)
NSAID used for moderately severe pain, often after procedures. Not a narcotic and not habit forming.
prednisone
corticosteroid medicine used to decrease inflammation and keep immune system in check if overactive. Used to treat allergic disorders, skin conditions, ulcerative colitis, Crohn’s disease, arthritis, lupus, psoriasis, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and many more conditions.
methamphetamine
potent CNS stimulant that is mainly used as a recreational drug and less commonly as a second-line treatment for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and obesity
baclofen intrathecal injection (Lioresal)
Injected into the spine. Can relax muscles, treat spasms with MS or other spinal cord diseases.
guanfacine (Intuniv, Tenex)
Used to treat high blood pressure (hypertension). It is sometimes given with other blood pressure medications.
The Intuniv brand of guanfacine is used to treat attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). It reduces nerve impulses in your heart and blood vessels. Intuniv works by relaxing blood vessels, which lowers blood pressure and improves blood flow.
dofetilide (Tikosyn)
heart rhythm medicine, also called an antiarrhythmic.
Keep the heart beating normally in people with certain heart rhythm disorders of the atrium; (the upper chambers of the heart that allow blood to flow into the heart) for people with atrial fibrillation or atrial flutter.
carbachol ophthalmic (Miostat, Isopto carbachol)
lowers pressure in the eye by increasing the amount of fluid that drains from the eye; is used to treat glaucoma
Ascriptin (extended release aspirin)
extended-release capsules are used to lower risk of heart attack in patients with chronic coronary artery disease, such as patients with history of heart attack or angina. It is also used to lower risk of recurrent stroke in patients who had an ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack.
This medicine is available only via prescription.
DePuy Synthes
franchise of orthopaedic and neurosurgery companies
latanoprost ophthalmic (Xalatan)
Ophthalmic glaucoma agent; lowers pressure inside eye by increasing amount of flui that drains from the eye.
thallium
a chemical element TI with atomic number 81. Post-transition metal not found free in nature. Used for laser optic equipment, smelting metal, in insecticides and rodenticides, and for malaria/ringworm/TB; highly toxic when exposed through skin.
rizatriptan (Maxalt)
Headache medicine that narrows the blood vessels around the brain; also reduces substances in the body that can trigger headache pain, nausea, sensitivity to light and sound, and other migraine symptoms.
galantamine (Razadyne)
treat mild to moderate Alzheimer’s type dementia by improving the function of nerve cells in the brain; incresaes the amount of a natural substance in the brain called aceytlcholine which is needed for processes of memory, thinking and reasoning.
pancrelipase (Creon, Pancreaze, Viokace)
combination of three enzymes (proteins): lipase, protease, and amylase. Normally produced by the pancreas and are important in the digestion of fats, proteins, and sugars; VIA cystic fibrosis, chronic inflammation of the pancreas, or blockage of the pancreatic ducts, pancreatectomy
vancomycin / Firvanq
oral antiviotic fighting bacteria in the intestines. Used to treat Clostridium difficile; causes watery or bloody diarrhea. Also used for staph infections that inflame the colon and small intestines.
heparin / Hep-Pak
anticoagulant that prevents formation of blood clots. Also used in surgery to reduce the risk of blood clotting. and in medical procedures.
bacitracin
topical antibiotic ointment used by professionals and public for minor skin injuries.
docusate / Colace
a laxative in capsule form. Treats contipation; soften stool to make bowel movements easier.
carbamazepine / Tegretol
anticonvulsant drug/ analgesic drug to control seizures and treat pain resulting from tigeminal neuralgia. May also be used as a control for bipolar.
azelastine / Astelin
Nasal spray antihistamine that reduces natural histamines in the body. Treats allergie symptoms.
pethidine / Demerol
opiod pain medication
pancrelipase
pancreatic enzyme used to help improve food digestion with certain conditions where the pancreas doesn’t function properly
irbesartan / Avapro
Treats hpertension, heart failure, diabetic kidney disease. angiotensin II receptor antagonist. Causes blood vessels to widen, decreasing blood pressure.
simvastatin / Zocor
statins- lowers level of bad cholesterols LDL, increase good HDL, lowers triglycerides.
risperidone / Risperdal
antipsychotic medicine that changes effects of chemicals in the brain. Treats schizophrenia and symptoms of bipolar disorder.
clonidine / Kapvay
lowers blood pressure by decreasing levels of certain cemicals in the blood. Allows vessels to relax and heart to beat slowly and easily. Kapvay also used to treat ADHD
lithium / Lithobid
affects flow of sodium through nerve and muscle cells in the body. Affects excitation or mania. Mood stabilizer used to treat manic episodes of bipolar disorder.
latanoprost ophthalmic / Xalatan
ophthalmic glaucoma agent and lowers pressure inside the eye by increasing the amount of flui that drains from the eye
dorzoloamide and timolol ophthalmic / Cosopt
Dorz reduces the amount of fluid in the eye to decrease pressure; Timolol is a beta-blocker that also reduces pressure. Used to treat open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension
carbachol ophthalmic / Isopto Carbachol
lowers pressure in the eye by increasing fluids drained; used to reduce pressure after cataract surgery
baclofen / Lioresal
skeletal muscle relaxant. antispasmodic agent that acts on spinal cord nerves and decreases the number and severity of spasms in patients with spinal cord conditions. Treats pain with MS.
levetiracetam / Keppra
treats certain types of seizures in people with epilepsy; partial onset, myoclonic, and tonic-clonic
carbamazepine / Tegretol
anticonvulsant; decrease nerve impulses that cause seizures and nerve ain such as trigeminal neuralgia and diabetic neuropathy. Also used for bipolar.
omeprazole / Prilosec
proton pump inhibitor that decreases the amount of acid produced in the stomach. Treats GERD symptoms and other excess stomach acid conditions.
promethazine / Phenergan
phenothiazine; changes the actions of chemicals in the brain. Also acts as an antihistamine and blocks naturally occuring histamines. Treats allergy symptoms, motion sickness, sleep aid, post surgery nausea.
sumatriptan / Imitrex
headache medicine that narrows blood vessels around the brain. Reduces symptoms in the body that can trigger headache pain, nausea, photosensitivity, other migraine symptoms.
Lortab
a combination of acetaminophen and hydrocodone. Hydrocodone is an opioid pain medication. Acetaminophen is a less potent pain reliever that increases the effects of hydrocodone.
lithium / Lithobid
affects flow of sodium through nerve and muscle cells in the body. Affects excitation or mania. Mood stabilizer used to treat manic episodes of bipolar disorder.
valsartan / Diovan
angiotensin ii receptor antagonist. Treats high blood pressure and heart failure.
lithium / Lithobid
affects flow of sodium through nerve and muscle cells in the body. Affects excitation or mania. Mood stabilizer used to treat manic episodes of bipolar disorder.
flecainide / Tambocor
Class Ic anti-arrhythmic that is used to prevent serious heart rhythm disorders
ethambutol
management and treatment of tuberculosis. Bacteriostatic drug that inhibits cell wall synthesis.
gliclazide / Diamicron
causes the release of the body’s natural insulin. Used in conjunction with diet and exercise to control high blood sugar in non-insulin dependant diabetics (type 2)
clopidogrel / Plavix
used to lower risk of having a stroke, blood clot, or serious heart problem after severe heart attack or angina.
ARB / angiotensin receptor blocker
angiotensin II receptor antagonists; block the angiotensin ii enzyme which normally causes your blood vessels to narrow.
lithium / Lithobid
affects flow of sodium through nerve and muscle cells in the body. Affects excitation or mania. Mood stabilizer used to treat manic episodes of bipolar disorder.
dronedarone / Multaq
heart rhythm medicine that helps maintain normal heartbeats in people with life-threatening rhythm disorders.
procainamide
sodium channel blocker. Manage and treat ventricular arrhythmias and Wolf-Parkinson-White syndrome.
divalproex / Depakote
affects chemicals in the body that may be involved in seizures. Used to treat variouys seizure disorders. Also used in adults to prevent migraines or treat manic episodes related to bipolar.
albuterol / Ventolin HFA
bronchodilator; relaxes muscles in the airways and increases air flow to the lungs. Prevents bronchospasm or narrowing of the airways in the lungs in people with asthma or types of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
sumatriptan / Imitrex
headache medicine that narrows blood vessels around the brain. Also reduces substances that can trigger headache pain, nausea, photophobia, sound sensitivity. Can be oral tablet, nasal spray, or injection.
non-rebreather mask
special device that helps provide oxygen in emergencies. Help people who can breathe on their own but need a lot of oxygen; ie carbon monoxide poisoning
AV nodal blocking drugs
slow electrical signal from atrium as it passes through AV node to ventricles. Can eliminate tachycardias of AV node reentrant type and slow fibrillation. Includes beta-blockers, calcium channel blockers, and digoxin.
amiodarone ( Pacerone )
group III antiarrhythmics: affects rhythm of heartbeat to fxn normally in people with life threatening ventricle dysfxn (tachycardia or fibrillation)
sotalol ( Betapace, Sorine, Sotylize )
non-cardioselective beta blocker/Group III antiarrhythmics: affects heart and circulation within atrium and ventricles; atrial and ventricular fibrillation, flutter, tachycardia
propafenone ( Rythmol )
Group I antiarrhythmics: class IC, used to prevent serious rhythm disorders
digoxin ( Digitek, Digox, Lanoxin, Cardoxin )
Group V antiarrhythmics; made from leaves of digitalis plant. Makes the heart beat stronger and with more regular rhythm; treats heart failure and atrial fibrillation.
bare-metal stent
self expanding stent made of thin uncoated metal wire that has been formed into a mesh-like tube. Used extensively in cardiology to maintain coronary artery patency. Becomes integrated into the endothelium over time.
carvedilol (Coreg)
non-cardioselective beta blocker. Treats heart failure and hypertension, also used after heart attack for less efficient pumps. Should not be taken if asthmatic, bronchitis, liver disease, sinus sick syndrome.
terazosin (Hytrin)
alpha-adrenergic blocker. Relaxes veins and arteries so blood can more easily pass through. Relaxes muscles in prostate and bladder (easier urination). High BP and symptoms of enlarged prostate.
verapamil (Calan, Isoptin)
calcium-channel blocker. Relaxces muscles of heart and blood vessels so heart doesn’t pump as hard. Increases supply to heart and slows electrical activity to slow rate.
metoprolol (Kapspargo, Lopressor, Toprol)
beta-blocker affecting heart and circulation; treats angina and hypertension and reduces risk of heart failure. Injections used during early heart attacks to decrease risk of death.
niacin / vitamin B3 (Endur-acin, Niaspan)
“nicotinic acid” occurs naturally in plants and animas. Lower bad cholesterol (LDL and triglycerides) and increases HDL. Lowers risk of heart attacks.
spironolactone (Aldactone, CaroSpir)
potassium-sparing diuretic preventing potassium levels from dropping. Treats heart failure, hypertension, hypokalemia, edema in people with heart failure or cirrhosis of liver.
quinapril (Accupril)
angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor; treats high blood pressure and with other meds to treat heart failure.
clonidine (Catapres, Kapvay)
lowers blood pressure by decreasing certain chemical levels; allows heart to beat slower. Kapvay brand used to treat ADHD
irbesartan (Avapro)
angiotensin II receptor blocker. Treats hypertension, can also treat kidney problems caused by diabetes type 2
ezetimibe (Zetia)
lowers cholesterol in people with high blood cholesterol. Reduces amount the body absorbs from the intestines for patients who can’t control levels by diet and exercise.
fenofibrate (Antara, Fenoglige, Lipofen, Tricor)
used with cholesterol reducing diet to lower high LDL and high triglycerides in the blood. Increases breakdown and removal of above from blood. May possibly break down muscle tissue and lead to kidney failure.
warfarin (Coumadin, Jantoven)
anticoagulant; reduces formation of clots in veins or arteries leading to stroke or heart attack.
mexiletine (Mexitil)
group I antiarrhythmics; treats seriously irregular heartbeats
nitroglycern (GoNitro, Nitrostat)
antianginal agent/vasodilator. Used to prevent angina. Relaxes and widens blood vessels so blood can flow more easily to the heart
amlodipine (Katerzia, Norvasc)
calcium channel blocker; relaxes blood vessels. Treats angina and other conditions of coronary artery disease. Can be used in combo to treat hypertension.
nifedipine (Nifedical, PRocardia, Adalat)
calcium channel blocker; relaxes muscles of heart and vessels. Treats hypertension and angina.
furosemide (Lasix)
loop diuretic that prevents the body from absorbing too much salt; passes into urine. Treats fluid retention (edema) in people with congestive heart failure, liver disease, or kidney disorder Also treats hypertension.
(Humibid LA) guaifenesin/potassium
Relieves symptoms of cough and mucus in the chests. Combination of 2 expectorants; thins phlegm in the lungs making it easier to cough up.
dronedarone (Multaq)
heart rhythm medicine that helps maintain normal heartbeats with atrial disorders. Reduces afib hospitalizations.
insulin isophane (Humulin N)
man-made Insulin type that works within 2-4 hours after injection, peak 4-12, works for 12-18.
pioglitazone (Actos)
oral diabetes medicine to control blood sugar; used for type 2.
ethambutol (Myambutol)
antibiotic preventing growth of tuberculous bacteria, usually given with another TB medicine.
rifampin (Rifadin, Rimactane)
anibiotic used to treat/prevent TB. May also reduce bacteria in nose/throat that can cause meningitis.
eptifibatide (Integrilin)
helps prevent platelets in blood from sticking together + clotting. Used in people with severe angina/other conditions/undergoing angioplasty.
duloxetine (Cymbalta)
SSRI antidepressant. Treats major depressive disorder and general anxiety. Can also treat nerve pain from diabetes or chronic muscle and joint pain.
clobazam (Onfi, Sympazan)
benzodiazepine that is used with other medications to treat seizures via Lennox-Gastaut syndrome
captopril (Capoten)
used to treat high BP and congestive heart failure. Improves survival of heart failure/attack with left ventricular hyperthrophy. Also treats kidney disease in type 1 diabetes
Triflo respiratory device
help perform breathing
mercaptopurine (Purixan, Purinethol)
treats acute lymphoblastic/lymphocytic leukemia. Sometimes given with other cancer medications
fluticasone and vilanterol (Breo Ellipta)
fluticasone is a steroid that prevents release of inflammatory substances/vilanterol is a bronchodilator to relax airway muscles. For asthma and COPD.
cladribine (Mavenclad)
treats MS in adults. Will decrease frequency of relapse symptoms, usually given after all other treatments have failed.
doxycycline (Acticlate, Adoxa CK, Alodox)
tetracycline antibiotic that inhibits growth and have antiinflammatory effects. Treats acne, UTI, respiratory, eye, dum disease, gonorrhead, chlamydia, syhpilis. Can also prevent malaria and treat mites, ticks, lice
Glucosamine and chondroitin
Gluco = sugar protein that helps body build cartilage. Chonro = natural substances formed of sugar chains, helps body maintain fluid and flexion in joints
AeroChamber
a spacer that helps use a metered dose inhaler. Allows medicine to work quicker and get directly to the lungs.