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Procedures Flashcards

1
Q

stereotactic frame

A

mechanical device used to localize a point in space targeting a precise site

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2
Q

stereotactic (stereotaxic) radiosurgery

A

radiation treatment to inactivate malignant lesions involving the focus of multiple, precise external radiation beams on a target with the aid of a stereotactic frame and imaging for inoperable brain tumors and other lesions

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3
Q

neuroendovascular surgery

A

diagnosis and treatment of disorders within cerebral blood vessels performed in a specialized angiographic laboratory by interventional neuroradiologists

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4
Q

lumbar puncture

A

using a hollow needle to remove cerebrospinal fluid for analysis from the spine

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5
Q

craniotomy

A

surgical opening into the skull

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6
Q

craniectomy

A

neurosurgical procedure to remove part of the skull, usually to relieve pressure

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7
Q

transsphenoidal resection

A

removal of pituitary tumors by going through the nose (spenoid sinus) performed with an endoscope, microscope, or both

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8
Q

ablation

A

procedure to treat atrial fibrillation. Uses small burns or freezes to cause some scarring on the inside of the heart to help break up the electrical signals that cause irregular heartbeats

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9
Q

AICD - Automatic implantable cardioverter defibrillator

A

a small electronic device implanted into the chest to monitor and correct severe abnormal heart rhythms. Most effective treatment.

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10
Q

anastomosis

A

surgical connection between two structures. Usuallys means connection created by tubular structures, such as loops of intestine or blood vessels

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11
Q

bioprosthetic valves

A

generally made of either bovine pericardium or porcine aortic valves, but may also be from equine or porcine pericardium

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12
Q

discrete drug eluting stent

A

Stent is placed in an artery to keep it open. It is coated with a slow release medication to help prevent clots from forming in the stent. Treat blockages of heart arteries.

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13
Q

endo-ACAB

A

minimally invasive approach to coronary bypass; avoids median sternotomy. The internal mammary artery is thoracoscopically opened with 3 small 5 mm holes and a 4-5cm incision is made between the ribs without any mechanical rib spreading.

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14
Q

transesophageal echocardiogram

A

inserting a probe with a transducer down the esophagus to provide a clearer image of the heart; sound waves do not have to pass through skin, muscle, or bone

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15
Q

Pacemakers

A

used to treat bradycardic arrhythmias; deliver electrical discharges to stimulate the heart to beat when slow. The device consists of a generator surgically implanted into a pocket just below the clavicle w/ wire leads from the generator into the heart; minimally invasive, done with local anesthesia and takes only about 45 minutes.

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16
Q

implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICDS) / implantable defibrillators

A

detect the onset of life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias; within 10-20s deliver a shock that halts arrhythmia and returns normal rhythm. Death preventative - cardiac arrest and sudden cardiac death. Generator, wire leads, similar to pacemaker.

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17
Q

ablation (AV nodal reentrant tachycardias)

A

invasive surgical procedure; electrical pathways are mapped in electrophysiology study and then eliminated by placing the tip of the catheter onto the abnormal path and transmitting heat, cold, or microwave to damage the tissue. (thermal, cryo, or microwave)

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18
Q

cardioversion

A

convert ineffective ventricular rhythms to a more efficient rhythm; often via small electric shocks through electrodes on the chest; as a scheduled procedure with sedated patient.

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19
Q

automatic external defibrillators AEDs

A

emergency devices for hearts that have stopped or is quivering uselessly in ventricular fibrillation; electrodes on chest deliver shocks to reset rhythm.

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20
Q

cardiac resynchronization therapy CRT

A

pacemakers and implantable cardioverter defibrillators; Resynchronizing pacing restores efficiency of the heart by pacing both right and left ventricles to simultaneously contract

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21
Q

periocardiocentesis

A

under local anesthesia, needle inserted below breastbone and guided into pericardial sac using echocardiography to help position. A catheter is inserted to drain fluid. Used to treat pericardial tamponade

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22
Q

pericardiectomy / pericardial window

A

Surgical pericardiocentesis. Fluid is drained through an invasive procedure that removes the membrane surrounding the heart

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23
Q

heart valve repair

A

either surgical separation of fused flaps, reshaping flaps by adding tissue or patching holes to inrease support at valve bases for weak flaps

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24
Q

balloon valvuloplasty (valvotomy)

A

Repair stenotic heart valves; a balloon tipped tube is threaded through a blood vessel (usually groin) and into faulty valve where it is inflated to widen the opening. Balloon is deflated and removed.

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25
heart valve replacement
Removing heart valve an replacing with a biological valve or man-made valve. Biological are made from pig, cow, or human heart tissue and may also have man-made components (need to be replaced after 10-15 years). Man made valves are more durable and do not require replacement, but require lifelong anticoagulant medicines
26
restenosis
reduction in diameter of the vessel of a lumen after angioplasty.
27
CABG coronary artery bypass graft
invasive surgical procedure; open heart surgery. Usually for multiple narrowed CAs. A graft is created to bypass the blocked area and allow blood flow around.
28
thrombolytics
break up existing clots. Given through intravenous line. include alteokase, teteplase, urokinase
29
anticoagulants
"blood thinners" decrease body's ability to make clots and enlargement of existing clots. Include aspirin, heparin, warfarin, enoxaparin. Also used surgically.
30
vena cava filter / Greenfield filter
device inserted into vena cava to prevent passage of emboli from the lower venous system to the lungs. Used when anticoagulation is contraindicated or when clots still persist despite medicine.
31
pulmonary embolism
most often a DVT fragment in the leg breaks off and travels through the heart to the lungs where it blocks one/several capillaries. Sudden SOB, chest pain, cough with bloody sputum
32
pericardiocentesis
surgical procedure using a needle to remove fluid from around the heart; aka Pericardial window or pericardial tap
33
sclerotherapy
chemically destructive procedure; veins are injected, forced to close, then flow rerouted around the area
34
tilt test
evaluates vasovagal response and diagnostic tool for syncope. Monitors blood pressure in response to maneuvers of patient.
35
atherectomy
minimally invasive procedure to cut away plaque built up in arteries; stent may be placed after.
36
in-stent restenosis
scar tissue forms under a previously placed stent, causing a coronary artery to narrow again. Another surgery is required to correct. Drug-eluting stents reduce this risk of restenosis.
37
PTCA / percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty or PCI (coronary intervention)
minimally invasive procedure to open blocked/stenosed coronary arteries via a femoral catheter and ballooning. May also place stent.
38
the Whipple procedure
treat tumors and other conditions in the pancreas, small intestine and bile ducts. It involves removing the head of the pancreas, the first part of the small intestine, the gallbladder and the bile duct. Also called a pancreaticoduodenectomy
39
anastomosis
surgical connection between two tubular structures, such as blood vessels or intestines
40
endarterectomy
surgery to remove plaque from narrowed or blocked arteries.
41
thoracentesis
procedure where the chest wall is punctured with a needle to obtain fluid for diagnostic studies
42
thoracostomy
surgical insertion of a tuve in the chest to drain fluid or air to aid in diagnosis of a disease process
43
pneumonectomy
surgical removal of a lung
44
tracheotomy
incision into trachea for purpose of establishing airflow, usually temporary
45
pleural peel
surgical decortication (removal of outer layer) of the pleural membrane to prevent expansion
46
talc pleurodesis
chemical obliteration of the pleural space to prevent formation or reformation of air in the chest (pneumothorax)
47
TBNA transbronchial needle aspiration
minimally invasive surgical needling to remove small amounts of tissue for microscopic analysis; EBUS TBNA is similar with an endobronchial ultrasound guide
48
VATS video-assisted thorascopic surgery
surgical procedure utilizing cameras to visualize inside chest through small incisions; can aid in other procedures
49
adhesiolysis
minimally invasive surgical procedure to break up adhesion (scar tissue) and treats the affected area with steroids/other medications. Considered safe and effective in dissolving scar tissue.
50
panendoscopy
test to look at the upper airway including mouth, nose, voice box, and food pipe. Uses a series of connected telescopes.
51
PICC line / peripherally inserted central catheter.
thin, soft, long tube that is inserted into a vein in a childs arm, leg, or neck. Carries blood to the heart. Long term IV antibiotics, nutrition,medication, or food.
52
rhytidectomy
surgical procedure meant to counteract effects of time/aging of face. "Face lift". Tissues under skin are tightened and excess skin are excised.
53
Roux-en-Y
procedure promotes weight loss by restricting amount of food you can eat and limiting calories absorbed- malabsroption. Staples the stomach to create a small pouch to hold less food. Shapes the small intestine into a Y.
53
sphincter of Oddi
muscle that opens and closes to allow bile and pancreatic juice to flow b/t pancreas and the small intestine. Dysfunction causes backup of digestive juice and severe pain.
54
sphincterectomy
Dividing the sphincter; usually under general anesthesia. Repairs an anal fissure; reduces pressure insude anus that can cause spasm and increases blood flow to help heal.
55
abdominal ultrasound
noninvasive; assess organs and structures within abdomen - liver, gallbladder, pancreas, bile ducts, spleen, abdominal aorta. Also can assess blood flow.
56
Barium enema
radiographic exam of lower GI tract. Large int, including rectum, made visible on x-ray by filling colon with liquid suspension contrast agent - barium.
57
barium swallow
radiographic exam of upper GI tract; pharynx and esophagus. Made visible on x-ray by barium.
58
cholecystography
x-ray examines gallbladder when gallstones are suspected. Contrast dye is swallowed for better visual.
59
colonoscopy
diagnostic procedure to examine length of Large intestine to ileocecal valve. Can ID problems such as cancer, inflamed tissue, ulcers, bleeding.
60
ERCP - endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography
diagnoses problems in liver, gallbladder, bile ducts, pancreas. Can examine inside organs for abnormalities; tube is passed through scope and dye is injected for internal organ x-ray.
61
EGD esophagogastroduodenoscopy
"upper endoscopy" diagnoses problems in upper GI tract. Endoscope guided through patients mouth and throat, then through esophagus, stomach, duodenum.
62
endoscopy
flexible tube - endoscope- fitted with a camera and viewed on a monitor. Inserted and navigated through body, can attach ultrasound device for further imaging (EUS) endoscopy ultrasound
63
fluoroscopy
study of moving body structures- animated x-ray/ Continuous xray passed through and sent to TB monitor.
64
Gallbladder / liver-billiary scan
Assesses function and structure of gallbladder. Also liver is often examined due to proximity.
65
gastric emptying study
evaluates speed which food empties from stomach and enters small intestine. Patient eats solid food with small radioactive material; scanner is used to monitor the radioactivity in the stomach over several hours
66
HIDA Hepatobiliary Iminodiacetic Acid Scan / cholescintigraphy
examines function of gallbladder, liver, bile ducts. Patient is given small amount of radioactive tracer via IV. Scanner follows through biliary tract.
67
laparoscopy
examines organs of abdominal cavity; laparoscope is a thin flexible tube with a camera. Placed through small incision in abdomen.
68
Liver biopsy
tissue samples are removed for examination under microsope via special needles. Needle biospy or open biopsy.
69
Liver scan
specialized radiology procedure to examine liver/assess function. Can also follow progress of treatment. May refer to liver-spleen scan.
70
MELD score - Model for End-stage Liver Disease
determine viability for patient to recieve liver transplantation. Based on math equation of surviving beyond 3 mo transplant. Measures INR, bilirubin and Prothrombin time (PT) and creatinine
71
Pancreatic Scintigraphy (scan)
radiologic procedure to assess for specific tumor. Radioactive substance is used to assist in examination; may also treat malignancies.
72
Sigmoidoscopy
Sigmoidscope; lighted tube, inserted into intestine through rectum - air is injected for inflation to better visualize. Diagnostic of lower third of large intestine. ID's cause of diarrhea, abdominal pain, constipation, abnormal growths, bleeding. May also obtain biospies to perform removal of polyps/hemorrhoids. Also screens for colorectal cancer.
73
Upper GI series
radiographic exam of upper GI; esophagus, stomach, duodenum - made visible on x-ray via barium suspension. If only Esophagus and pharynx -> barium swallow
74
75
No code
Same as DNR; legal written order to withhold CPR and advanced cardiac life support ACLS to respect wishes of patient

Medical Transcription (31 decks)

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