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Medical Transcription > Advanced deck A > Flashcards

Advanced deck A Flashcards

1
Q

azotemia

A

condxn of too much nitrogen, creatinine, and other waste products in blood. Symptoms may include chest pain, low extremity swelling, lack of urination, fatigue.

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2
Q

Babinski sign

A

stimulation of the lateral plantar aspect of the foot leads to dorsiflexion of the big toe.

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3
Q

biphasic

A

having two phases

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4
Q

blepharoplasty

A

surgical cosmetic correction to improve the appearance of eyelids

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5
Q

Cardiolite / thallium scan

A

uses radioactive tracer to see how much blood is reaching different parts of the heart.

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6
Q

bupivacaine (Marcaine)

A

local anesthetic used in surgical procedures for regional anesthesia, epidural anesthesia, spinal, local infiltration

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7
Q

cauda equina

A

sack of nerve roots ( nerves leaving spinal cord b/t spaces in bones of the spine to reach other body parts) at the lower end of the spinal cord. Provide sensation in the legs and the bladder.

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8
Q

coagulopathy

A

any derangement of hemostasis resulting in excessive bleeding or clotting/impaired clot formation.

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9
Q

dermatochalasis

A

presence of loose skin and redundant eyelid skin. Common sign of periocular aging.

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10
Q

ecchymosis

A

bruises; blood pooling under skin caused by blood vessel breakage.

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11
Q

EIA antigen test

A

Enzyme immunoassays detect the virus antigen in patient stool specimens. Detects presence of infection such as salmonella

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12
Q

erythropoietin EPO

A

glycoprotein hormone, naturally produced by peritubular cells in the kidney to stimulate rbc produxn.

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13
Q

glioblastoma multiforme GBM

A

grade IV astrocytoma; fast-growing aggressive brain tumor. Invades nearby brain tissue but does not spread to distant organs.

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14
Q

granulomatosis with polyangiitis GPA

A

rare disorder of blood vessel (granulomatous tissue) inflammation , respiratory tract, and kidneys leading to damage of major body organs.

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15
Q

herniorrhaphy

A

surgical repair of a hernia; pushing the bulging tissue back into place and repairing weakened connective tissue + muscle known as the hernia defect

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16
Q

hyperaldosteronism

A

adrenal glands released too much aldosterone, often caused by benign tumor. Can cause excess water and salt retention raising blood pressure and decreased K levels; cramps, weakness.

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17
Q

hyperplastic

A

type of serrated polyp in the colon; low risk for turning cancerous. Generally removed to ensure they aren’t malignant

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18
Q

hyper serotonergic

A

excessive accumulation of serotonin causing serotonin syndrome usually due to medication; confusion, edginess, restlessness, headache, etc

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19
Q

hypopharynx

A

bottom part of the pharynx ending at the top of the trachea and esophagus

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20
Q

hypopnea

A

slowed, shallow restricted breathing occurring in 10 s or longer episodes repeatedly during sleep. Often occurs with sleep apnea.

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21
Q

Langerhans cell hisiocytosis LCH

A

rare disease of LCH cells excess; normally helps fight infection; swollen lymph nodes, abdominal pain, delayed puberty, seizures, irritability, deteriorating neuro function

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22
Q

levator aponeurosis

A

transmits the force of the levator muscle to life the upper eyelid. Dehiscence, disinsertion, or stretching can lead to ptosis

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23
Q

lumbosacral spine

A

supports majority of body’s weight and protects primary nerves arising from spinal cord.

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24
Q

macrocytosis

A

enlarged rbcs; decrease in oxygen delivered to main tissues.

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25
Q

normocytic normochromic anemia

A

rbcs are the same size and have a normal red color; these types of anemias are often a product of other diseases.

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26
Q

neutropenia

A

low level of neutrophils; type of white blood cell; destroy bacteria and yeasts and are made in the bone marrow

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27
Q

MediPort

A

medical appliance surgically installed beneath the skin. Catheter connects the port to a vein to deliver medicine, blood, nutrients, or fluids to bloodstream. Chemotherapy typically given via.

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28
Q

meningismus

A

clinical syndrome of headache, neck stiffness, photophobia, nausea, vomiting. Often caused by meninges inflammation but can also be via increased intracranial pressure

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29
Q

mycosis fungoides

A

skin lymphoma that affects the body’s T cells. Occurs when white cells become cancerous; often a skin rash is the first sign. No known cure.

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30
Q

myelodysplasia

A

group of cancers in which immature blood cells in the marrow do not mature and become healthy blood cells.

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31
Q

myelomeningocele MMC

A

Baby is born with a gap in the bones of the spine; defect of the backbone (spine), spinal cord and spinal canal. Most serious form of spina bifida.

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32
Q

nephron-sparing surgery

A

treatment for renal cell carcinoma including transection of renal vessels and renorrhaphy.

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33
Q

odynophagia

A

pain when swallowing. May be described as an ache, burning, or stabbing pain. Often leads to inadvertent weight loss.

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34
Q

onychomycosis

A

fungal nail infection; encompasses dermatophytes and yeasts and saprophytic mold infections

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35
Q

paronychia

A

infection of the skin around a fingernail or toenail. Often can be home remedied.

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36
Q

pneumonectomy

A

surgical procedure to remove one lung. Often performed to remove lung masses and growths like non-small cell lung cancer.

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37
Q

pneumothorax

A

collection of air outside the lung but within the pleural cavity; air between the parietal and visceral pleura. Causes lung to collapse.

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38
Q

polysomnogram PSG

A

procedure that utilized electroencephalogram, electro-oculogram, electromyogram, ECG, pulse oximetry, airflow, to evaluate underlying causes of sleep disturbance

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39
Q

postphlebitic (postthrombotic) syndrome

A

symptomatic chronic venous insufficiency after a DVT. Causes are disorders that result in hypertension, venous damage, or incompetence of valves after DVT.

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40
Q

prognathism

A

jaw protrudes or juts out. Congenital.

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41
Q

pretrichial

A

in front of the hairline, incision site.

42
Q

Acute bacterial rhinosinusitis ABRS

A

infection of both nasal cavity and sinuses. Caused by bacteria.

43
Q

salicylates

A

natural chemicals made by plants; found in fruits and vegetables and protect against disease and insects. Used medicinally.

44
Q

Seldinger technique

A

over-wire technique of catheter insertion to obtain safe percutaneous access to vessels and hollow organs

45
Q

SGOT serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase

A

also known as AST, a liver enzyme. When liver cells are damaged, AST leaks out into the bloodstream. Also can leak from the muscles, heart, brain, or kidneys.

46
Q

SGPT serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase

A

one of the enzymes found in the liver; high levels indicate serious disease or damage

47
Q

SPECT

A

nuclear imaging utilizing computed tomography and radioactive tracer to show flow through tissues and organs.

48
Q

technetium-99

A

radioisotope most widely used as a tracer for medical diagnosis.

49
Q

temporal fascia

A

fascia of the head that covers the temporalis muscle and structures superior to the zygomatic arch

50
Q

urosepsis

A

sepsis caused by infections of the urinary tract; includes cystitis, lower UTI, pyelonephritis, or kidney infection.

51
Q

viscomydriasis

A

technique used to push the iris outward and expand the pupil. Aids in capsulorrhexis creation for cataract surgery.

52
Q

Yergason’s test

A

identifies pathology involving the biceps tendon or glenoid labrum.

53
Q

precordium

A

anatomically the area of the chest wall anterior over the heart

54
Q

patient coding

A

refers to cardiac arrest

55
Q

body habitus

A

physical characteristics of an individual; physique, bearing, build, etc

56
Q

SGOT/SGPT ratio

A

indicator of alcoholic liver disease

57
Q

croup

A

disease that causes swelling in the airways and problems breathing. Children often have a creaking/whistle sound; stridor

58
Q

azotemia

A

condition of too much nitrogen, creatinine, and other wastes in the blood. Chest pain, lower extremity swelling, lack of urination, fatigue.

59
Q

paronychia

A

infection of the skin around a fingernail or toenail

60
Q

odynophagia

A

disorder of painful swallowing in the throat, mouth, or esophagus.

61
Q

Romberg test

A

bedside physical test used in an exam of neurological function for balance

62
Q

ethmoidectomy

A

removes infected tissue and bone in ethmoid sinuses that block natural drainage

63
Q

arachnoiditis

A

inflammation of the arachnoid; one of the membranes that surround and protect the nerves of the spinal cord

64
Q

osteonecrosis / avascular necrosis

A

death of bone tissue as a result of disrupted blood flow to a part of bone

65
Q

postprandial

A

occurring after a meal

66
Q

PMR polymyalgia rheumatica

A

common doncition involving widespread aching and stiffness; often in upper arms, neck, lower back, thighs. Usually worse in mornings.

67
Q

steatosis

A

fatty buildup in an organ.

68
Q

myelominingocele

A

newborn defect of the spine, spinal cord, and spinal canal; a gap in the bones of the spine

69
Q

dysmetria

A

inability of patients to execute complex movements in which the judgement of distance is impaired and expressed as inaccurate control of the range/direction of movement.

70
Q

TIBC total iron-binding capacity test

A

measures bloods ability to attach to iron and transport it around the body. Iron deficiency anemia = iron level will be low but TIBC will be high.

71
Q

HPA axis // hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal

A

neuroendocrine mechanism that mediates the effects of stressors by regulating numerous physiological processes; metabolism, immune responses, ANS

72
Q

preeclampsia

A

hypertension disoder during pregnancy.

73
Q

dermatochalasis

A

loose/redundant eyelid skin. Common sign of aging.

74
Q

preaponeurotic fat

A

adipose cushion for the eye; key anatomical landmark posterior to the orbital septum, anterior to aponeurosis.

75
Q

levator aponeurosis

A

transmits force of levator muscle to lift the upper eyelids

76
Q

pretrichial

A

directly anterior to the hairline, surgical incision site.

77
Q

glioblastoma multiforme GBM

A

AKA grade IV astrocytoma. Fast-growing and aggressive brain tumor. Generally does not spread to other organs.

78
Q

epileptiform

A

spike waves, sharp waves, or other rhythmic waveforms that imply epilepsy.

79
Q

hypovolemia

A

volume depletion or volume contraction; state of abnormally low extracellular fluid in the body. May be due to loss of salt and/or water.

80
Q

myelodysplastic

A

group of cancers where immature blood cells in the bone marrow do not mature/become healthy blood cells

81
Q

anisometropia

A

condition of asymmetric refraction between 2 eyes; difference of 1 or more diopter.

82
Q

hematemesis

A

internal bleeding signified by vomiting blood

83
Q

gutta-percha

A

purified coagulated latex; used to fill a tooth after a root canal procedure

84
Q

schwannoma

A

rare type of tumor in the nervous system emerging from Schwann cells that protect and support nerve cells. Often benign.

85
Q

mucositis

A

when your mouth or gut is sore and inflamed. Common side effect of chemo or radiotherapy.

86
Q

bacteremia

A

presence of bacteria in the blood; can enter via wounds, medical procedures, or even brushing/flossing

87
Q

synovitis

A

inflammation in the synovial membrane lining the joints. Arthritis and joint injuries are most common causes.

88
Q

IgA kappa multiple myeloma

A

2nd most frequent multiple myeloma; type of cancer that forms in white blood cells called plasma cells. Causes them to build up in the bone marrow.

89
Q

occipital neuralgia

A

headache disorder that affects occipital nerves; the nerves that run through the scalp. May experience sharp, stinging or burning sensations on scalp or behind eye

90
Q

hemicrania continua

A

headache disorder; constant pain in one side of the face and head. Environmental and lifestyle are not a factor.

91
Q

giant cell arteritis

A

inflammation of certain arteries, especially near the temples. Head pain and tenderness.

92
Q

biliary sludge

A

mixture of particulate solids that have precipitated from bile; cholesterol crystals, calcium bilirubin pigment, calcium.

93
Q

rhabdomyolysis (rhabdo)

A

fatal or permanently disabling condition. Occurs when damaged muscle tissue releases proteins and electrolytes into blood which can damage the heart and kidneys.

94
Q

NC/AT

A

Normocephalic and atraumatic

95
Q

bleeding diathesis

A

increased tendency to bleed or bruise; often from congenital impaired clotting process.

96
Q

NAD nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide

A

important metabolic regulator for cellular redox reactions and a co-factor for key enzymes essential for normal cell function

97
Q

ramus intermedius

A

variant coronary artery resulting from trifurcation of the left main coronary artery

98
Q

glycosylated hemoglobin

A

shows what a person’s average blood glucose level was for the 2-3 months prior; can monitor diabetes

99
Q

recrudescent

A

breaking out again

100
Q

dysthymia

A

milder but long-lasting form of depression; persistent depressive disorder.

101
Q
A

Medical Transcription (31 decks)

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