HEENT

Question 1

chemosis

Answer 1

swelling of the conjunctiva; due to the oozing of exudate from abnormally permeable capillaries

Question 2

nystagmus

Answer 2

involuntary rhythmic side-side and up-down circular eye movement; can be inherited or acquired. “dancing eyes” blurred vision

Question 3

proptosis / exophthalmos

Answer 3

Bulging eyes. Sometimes caused by thyroid issues such as GRave’s. Gritty sensation w/ eye movement, eyelid swelling, redness, irritation.

Question 4

subglottic stenosis

Answer 4

portion of the windpipe below the vocal cords narrows. Inflammation and fibrosis in the area often due to trauma.

Question 5

platysmal

Answer 5

divide the subcutaneous fat of the neck and face into two layers.

Question 6

retrobulbar block

Answer 6

regional anesthetic nerve block used in intraocular surgery. Local anesthesia is injected into the retrobulbar space behind the globe of the eye

Question 7

choanae/choana

Answer 7

posterior nasal aperture; opening between the nasal cavity and the nasopharynx. Not a structure but a space bound by the palatine bone and sphenoid bone

Question 8

synichiae

Answer 8

Greek “hold together”; adhesions that may occur when the iris becomes adherent to the lens or cornea. Scar tissues cause them to stick together. Can lead to glaucoma or vision loss

Question 9

sub-tenon / episcleral

Answer 9

potential space between the capsule and the sclera. Instillation of local anesthesia into this produces analgesia and akinesia in the retro-orbital space.

Question 10

mydriasis

Answer 10

dilationg of the pupil of the eye; can be a side effect of drugs or traumatic injury

Question 11

phacoemulsification

Answer 11

modern-day cataract surgery that employs ultrasound energy to emulsify the nucleas, vacuum to catch nuclear material, and irrigation and aspiration for viscoelastic removal.

Question 12

iridoplasty

Answer 12

“molding of the iris” procedure using low energy argon laser to place burns to the iris to allow more access for aqueous outflow.

Question 13

morselized

Answer 13

to dive into small pieces; often used in bone fragmentation context

Question 13

floppy iris syndrome

Answer 13

complication that can occur from cataract surgery, flaccid iris which swells in response to ordinary intraocular fluid currents.

Question 14

palpebralfissure

Answer 14

Area between the open eyelids. Upper lid generally covers the superior limbus when one’s eyes are open and looking ahead

Question 15

ciliary sulcus

Answer 15

space between posterior surface of the base of the iris and anterior surface of the ciliary body

Question 16

capsular bags

Answer 16

Sites for posterior chamber lens implant after extracapsular cataract extraction.

Question 17

fluorescein

Answer 17

diagnostic contrast agent used in ophthalmic procedures; checking for corneal or vessel abnormalities, etc

Question 18

Baerveldt

Answer 18

brand name of glaucoma implant

Question 19

malocclusion

Answer 19

teeth are not aligned properly.

Question 20

Muller’s muscle

Answer 20

structural muscle that functions to maintain elevation of the upper eyelid.

Question 21

vestibulocochlear nerve

Answer 21

responsible for senses of hearing via the cochlear nerve and balance via the vestibular nerve

Question 22

sensorineural

Answer 22

hearing loss caused by lesion or diseases of inner ear or auditory nerve