muscular system disorders Flashcards
polymyositis
uncommon inflammatory disease that causes muscle weakness affecting both sides of your body. Having this condition can make it difficult to climb stairs, rise from a seated position, lift objects or reach overhead. Commonly affects adults.
arthrocentesis
surgical puncture to remove fluid from the joint space
arthrography
process of taking x-ray images after injection of contrast material
arthroplasty
surgical repair of a joint
arthroscopy
visual examination of the inside of a joint with an endoscope and monitor
ataxia
without coordination. People with ataxia lose muscle control in their arms and legs. This may lead to a lack of balance, coordination, and trouble walking. May effect speech as well.
atrophy
wasting of muscle tissue; muscles become smaller. Disuse atrophy refers to muscle wasting due to lack of use in a muscle that has an intact nerve supply. Disuse atrophy is often seen in a casted extremity.
Bakers cyst / popliteal cysts
small fluid filled lumps on the back of the knee- sometimes cause damage to knee joint or cause joint swelling. Occurs when knee joint is damaged and excess fluid pools.
Bells Palsy
unexplained episode of facial muscle weakness or paralysis that usually resolves on its own and has no complications. Thought to be associated with inflammation affecting the immune system and diabetes
bone density test
low-energy x-ray absorption in the bones of the spinal column, pelvis, and wrist to measure bone mass; formerly called a dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) scan; test evaluates the amount of bone in the skeleton to determine strength; areas of decreased density indicate osteoporosis or osteopenia
bone marrow aspiration and biopsy
withdrawal of fluid from the medullary cavity for examination
bone scan - also called a radionuclide scan
radioactive dye is administered intravenously to detect abnormal processes not identified on x-ray, such as avascular necrosis
calcaneal spurs
inflammatory response causing the growth of spike-like projections of new bone called spurs
cephalalgia vs cephalgia
any type of pain in the head vs headache or ache affecting the face, head, or neck
clonus
a neurological condition that creates involuntary muscle contractions. This results in uncontrollable, rhythmic, shaking movements. It’s usually brought on by excessive muscle stretching.
compartment syndrome
pressure rises in and around muscles (inflamm). The pressure is painful and can be dangerous; can limit the flow of blood, oxygen and nutrients to muscles and nerves.
contracture
abnormal formation of fibrous tissue within the muscle; generally “freezes” the muscle in a flexed position and severely restricts joint mobility
cramps / muscle spasms
a painful, involuntary skeletal muscle contraction. Can be due to fatigue, dehydration, depletion of electrolytes, reduced blood supply, or stress
creatine phosphokinase (CPK)
rise of CPK in the blood indicates muscle damage
CVA tenderness
costovertebral angle tenderness - pain from touching the region formed by the 12th rib and the spine. Often indicates kidney pathology.
DJD
degenerative joint disease
dysmorphism
abnormal difference in body structure. It can be an isolated finding in an otherwise normal individual, or it can be related to a congenital disorder, genetic syndrome or birth defect