Peripheral Artery Disease FINAL Flashcards

1
Q

What is peripheral artery disease?

A

Atherosclerosis of the extremities (virtually always lower) causing ischemia.

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2
Q

What is Buerger’s disease?

A

when fingers and toes turn black in smokers

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3
Q

6 P’s of Arterial Insufficiency

A

Pain
Pulse
Paralysis
Pallor
Paresthesia
Pressure

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4
Q

Risk factors for PAD

A

HTN
Hyperlipidemia
DM
Smoking
Obesity/Sedentary lifestyle
Female/Older adults/Family hx

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5
Q

May be asymptomatic or cause intermittent claudication (burning, cramping, and pain in legs during exercise)

A

Mild PAD

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6
Q

May cause rest pain w/ skin atrophy, hair loss, cyanosis, ischemic ulcers, and gangrene

A

Severe PAD

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7
Q

Ankle-brachial index (ABI)

A

The ankle pressure is compared to the brachial pressure

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8
Q

Expected finding for ABI

A

0.9 to 1.3

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9
Q

ABI less than __________ in either leg is diagnostic for PAD.

A

0.9

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10
Q

What type of medication inhibits platelet aggregation and prolong bleeding time?

A

antiplatelet medications

Ex: Cilostazol and Pentoxifylline

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11
Q

General nursing implications for antiplatelet meds

A

-use caution in pts at risk for bleeding
-concurrent use w/ NSAIDs, heparin, thrombolytics, or warfarin may increase risk of bleeding
-teach bleeding precautions to pt and family
-monitor bleeding times throughout therapy

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12
Q

Side effects of Cilostazol

A

HA, diarrhea, GI bleeding, dizziness, flatus

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13
Q

Reminders for Cilostazol

A

-monitor for relief of intermittent claudication
-grapefruit juice inhibits metabolism
-administer on empty stomach

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14
Q

Procedures

A
  • Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty and laser-assisted angioplasty
  • Mechanical rotational abrasive atherectomy
  • Arterial revascularization surgery
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15
Q

Ways to promote vasodilation & prevent vasoconstriction

A

-warm environment
-wear insulated socks
-never apply direct heat
-avoid exposure to cold
-avoid stress, caffeine, and nicotine

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16
Q

Positioning teaching for PAD pts

A

-avoid crossing legs
-refrain from wearing restrictive garments
-elevate legs to reduce swelling, but do not elevate above the level of the heart

17
Q

Characteristics of ARTERIAL peripheral disease

A

Peripheral pulses: ABSENT
Cap refill: GREATER THAN 3 SEC
Ankle brachial index: LESS THAN/EQUAL TO 0.90
Edema: ABSENT UNLESS LEG CONSTANTLY IN DEPENDENT POSITION
Hair growth: LOSS OF HAIR ON LEGS, FEET, & TOES
Ulcer location: TIPS OF TOES, FOOT, OR LATERAL MALLEOLUS
Ulcer margin: ROUNDED, SMOOTH, LOOKS PUNCHED OUT
Ulcer drainage: MINIMAL
Ulcer tissue: BLACK ESCHAR OR PALE PINK GRANULATION
Pain: INTERMITTENT CLAUDICATION OR REST PAIN N FOOT; ULCER MAY OR MAY NOT BE PAINFUL
Nails: THICKENED, BRITTLE
Skin color: DEPENDENT RUBOR, ELEVATION PALLOR
Skin texture: THIN, SHINY, TAUT
Skin temp: COOL, TEMP GRADIANT DOWN LEG
Dermatitis & pruritis: RARE