Genitourinary Flashcards
tubular adenomas
precancerous polyps in the colon found during colonoscopies. Early sign for colon cancer.
diuresis
Kidneys produce excess urine to remove a substance from the body. Can be due to medications or physical issues.
BPH benign prostatic hyperplasia
a condition in men in which the prostate gland is enlarged and not cancerous
adnexa
latin for “attachment or appendages” refers to ovaries, fallopian tubes, and ligaments holding repro organs.
para and gravida
gravida is the number of times a patient
has been pregnant —- para is the number of times a patient has given birth
pruritis ani
intense chronic itching affecting peri-anal skin.
speculum
a device used to examine hollow openings in the body; vagina, anus, ears, or nostrils.
beta hCG
an increased level is indicative of pregnancy, 25mlU/ml or greater. Human chorionic gonadotropin. Can indicate age of fetus, twins, etc.
colovesical fistula CVF
abnormal connection between the colon and urinary bladder. Can cause morbidity - affect quality of life. Often due to complicated diverticulitis or carcinoma.
concomitant
occuring within the same time period, usually referring to secondary symptoms of main
cystitis cystica
common benign condition of urinary bladder; reactive inflammatory change of mucousa associated with supepithelial vesicle/cyst formation and glandular metaplasia. Often due to chronic UTIs, irritation, catheters, etc.
cystourethroscopy
very common procedure; allows direct visualization of urethra, urethral sphincter, prostate, bladder, and orifices. Cystoscope is advanced through urethra.
desmoplastic small round cell tumors DSRCT
only found in the abdomen and pelvic area of the body. Soft tissue sarcoma; cancer that forms in the connective tissue. Highly curable.
dyspareunia
genital pain during or after sexual intercourse. Can be felt internally or externally. Can be caused by underlying medical conditions/infections.
enuresis
urinary incontinence; bedwetting; most common type of elimination disorder. Can be from a small bladder, persistent UTIs, severe stress, developmental delay.
hydronephrosis
swelling of one/both kidneys. Urine can’t drain and builds up in the kidney; can be via blockage in the tubes that drain from the kidneys (ureters) or an anatomical defect. Difficulty peeing, blood in urine, pain in back side or belly
extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy
Noninvasive treatment of stones in the kidney and ureter. High energy shock waves are passed through the body to break stones into pieces.
urodynamics
set of tests that measures lower urinary tract function; how well bladder, sphincters, and urethra hold and release urine. - cystometry, electromyoigraphy, uroflometry, pressure flow study, postvoid residual measurement, etc
von Hippel-Lindau syndrome (VHL)
marked by predisposition to a variety of neoplasms; renal cell carcinoma develops in nearly 70% of VHL patients and is a major cause of death
hereditary papillary renal cell carcinoma (HPRC)
associated with development of carcinoma in renal papillae in both kidneys
hereditary renal carcinoma (HRC)
inherited disorder with autosomal dominant inheritance pattern; affected patients develop bilateral multifocal renal carcinoma
tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC)
linked with tumor formation in many different organs; most common sites include kidney
radical nephrectomy
complete resection of the kidney, perirenal fat, and associated adrenal gland. Lymphs nodes involved in up to 25% of patients and regional lymphadenectomy often included.
laparoscopic nephrectomy
less invasive procedure through abdomen to resection the kidney; associated with shorter recovery time and less blood loss
palliative nephrectomy
kidney resection done to alleviate symptoms of pain, hemorrhage, malaise, hypercalcemia, erythrocytosis, and hypertension
renal artery embolism
nonsurgical minimally invasive procedure involving selective occlusion of blood vessels by placing a tiny catheter inside and injecting particles to block blood flow. Can be used to control bleeding.