Muscles of the axial skeleton

Question 0

Cremaster muscle

Answer 0

aids in retraction of the scrotum towards the abdomen

Question 1

Abdominal muscles

Answer 1

External abdominal oblique - caudoventrally
Internal abdominal oblique - obliqely caudoventrally (crosses external at right angles)
Rectus abdominis - Either side of linea alba
Transverse abdominis - dorsoventrally

Question 2

Inguinal Canal

Answer 2

passageway for abdominal structures out of the abdomen
testicle descends here just before or after birth
external pudendal artery and vein, genitofemoral nerve, vaginal process, spermatic cord, and cremaster muscle pass through here

Question 3

Hernia

Answer 3

protrusion of a part of an organ through abdominal wall

Question 4

Inguinal hernias

Answer 4

Common in horse and pig

Question 5

Umbilical hernias

Answer 5

Common in young animals

Question 6

Digastricus

Answer 6

opens mouth

Question 7

Masseter and temporalis

Answer 7

Responsible for chewing

Question 8

Sternocephalicus

Answer 8

part of the jugular groove

Question 9

Brachiocephalicus

Answer 9

Part of the jugular groove

Question 10

External intercostal muscles

Answer 10

intercostal spaces, run caudoventrally

Question 11

Internal intercostal

Answer 11

deep to external intercostal muscles

Question 12

Inspiration

Answer 12

external intercostals, levatores costarum, rectus thoracis, cranial serratus dorsalis, scalneus, and diapragm
increase volume of thorax

Question 13

expiration

Answer 13

ribs drawn caudally, opposite from inspiration

ingternal intercostals, caudal serratus dorsalis, and diaphragm

Question 14

Epaxial muscles

Answer 14

dorsal to transverse process of the transverse process of the vertebrae

Question 15

hypaxial muscles

Answer 15

below transverse processes of vertebrae

Question 16

flexors of the pine

Answer 16

hypaxial and rectus abdominus

Question 17

Extend spine

Answer 17

epaxial muscles and intertranversarius muscles

Question 18

Iliocostalis

Answer 18

work together to fix or extend vertebral column

alone, pull column laterally

Question 19

Longissimus

Answer 19

extends back, neck, and atalntooccipital joint

move head and neck laterally

Question 20

Transversospinalis

Answer 20

most medial column of epaxial muscles

Question 21

perineum

Answer 21

wall and structures closing pelvic outlet surrounding anal urogenital canals :
external and anal sphincter
perineal body

Question 22

Perineal laceration

Answer 22

laceration of perineum

Question 23

perineal hernia

Answer 23

protrusion of organ or tissue through perineum

Question 24

Prolapse

Answer 24

protrusion of rectal mucosa through anus or vagina/uterus through vulva

Question 25

Cutaneous trunci

Answer 25

covers side of trunk

absent in man

Question 26

Preputial

Answer 26

ventral midline connecting to prepuce

found in all carnivores, ruminants and pigs

Question 27

Fascia

Answer 27

sheet of fibrous connective tissue around muscles and organs

Question 28

superficial fascia

Answer 28

loose connective tissue

stores water and fat, insulates and protects

Question 29

Deep fascia

Answer 29

dense connective tissue

extends between muscles to bones

Question 30

Sub Q injections

Answer 30

made into superficial fascia

Question 31

facial planes

Answer 31

formed by deep fascia around muscles

dictate which way fluid flows

Question 32

Surgery

Answer 32

fascial planes used as cleavage planes to reach deep structures relatively free of blood