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Biopsychology > Cellular Neuroanatomy and PNS > Flashcards

Cellular Neuroanatomy and PNS Flashcards

1
Q

What is the starting point for biological psychology?

A

It’s the assumption that ALL thought, behaviours, perceptions, and emotions have their roots in the brain.

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2
Q

Function of dendrite

A

takes in information from another neuron

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3
Q

Function of the axon terminal

A

Sends the information to another neuron

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4
Q

Function of the axon

A

conducts information

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5
Q

Function of the axon hillock

A

where the information from the cell body integrates into the conduction zone

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6
Q

Function of nucleus

A

contains DNA

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7
Q

Function of myelin sheath

A

helps electrical impulses transfer quickly and effectively down the axon

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8
Q

Function of nodes of Ranvier

A

generates the fast electrical impulse that travels down the axon

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9
Q

Function of motor neuron

A

carries information from the CNS to the muscles

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10
Q

Function of somatosensory neuron

A

carries information from sensory organs to the CNS

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11
Q

All somatosensory neurons are _______ neurons

A

unipolar

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11
Q

All motor neurons are _____ neurons

A

multipolar

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12
Q

Interneurons are either ______ or _______ neurons

A
  • multipolar
  • bipolar
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13
Q

Function of interneurons

A

communicates from one neuron to the next

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14
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: The majority of neurons are sensory neurons

A

FALSE: The majority of neurons are interneurons

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15
Q

Neurons can be classified by their _____ or ______

A
  • anatomy
  • function
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16
Q

Glia is a greek word for ____

A

Glue

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17
Q

There are (at least) as many glial cells as there are _______

A

neurons

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18
Q

Glial cells were originally thought to be the ______ of the nervous system

A

glue

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19
Q

What are the four different types of glial cells?

A
  1. Astrocytes
  2. Schwann Cells
  3. Oligodendrocytes
  4. Microglia
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20
Q

Functions of astrocytes

A

regulate blood flow as well as the function and maintenance of synapses. Also insulates capillaries, helping with the blood-brain barrier

21
Q

The largest type of glial cell is the _____

A

astrocyte

22
Q

Astrocytes are shaped like ______

A

stars

23
Q

How do astrocytes help with regulating blood flow?

A

they connect to both the neuron and capillary, and can tell when the neuron is “on”. The astrocyte can then relay the information from the neuron to the capillary which causes it to constrict or dilate

24
Q

Function of microglia

A

cleans up debris in the brain as a response to injury and/or synaptic pruning during development

25
Q

How does microglia clean up debris?

A

It engulfs it then destroys it

26
Q

Function of oligodendrocytes

A

provides myelin in the CNS

27
Q

Function of Schwann Cells

A

provides myelin in the PNS

28
Q

Which nervous system is in bone and which nervous system is not?

A

CNS is in bone, PNS is not in bone

29
Q

What are the two parts of the peripheral nervous system?

A
  • somatic nervous system
  • autonomic nervous system
30
Q

What are the two types of nerves in the somatic nervous system?

A
  • spinal nerves
  • cranial nerves
31
Q

What are the three components of the autonomic nervous system?

A
  • sympathetic division
  • parasympathetic division
  • enteric nervous system
32
Q

____ pairs of mixed _____/_____ nerves emerge from the spinal cord.

A
  • 31
  • sensory
  • motor
33
Q

Spinal nerves carry sensory information from the ______ to the _____

A
  • body (mostly from skin and muscle)
  • CNS
34
Q

Spinal nerves carry motor information from the _______ to the ______

A
  • CNS
  • body (specifically muscles and glands)
35
Q

Grey matter is rich in ____ ______ and _______

A
  • cell bodies
  • Dendrites
36
Q

White matter is rich in ______ _______

A

Myelinated axons

37
Q

When sensory information comes into the spinal cord it comes in via the _____ _____

A

dorsal root

38
Q

When motor information goes out of the spinal cord it comes out via the _____ ______

A

ventral root

39
Q

What is a spinal ganglion

A

aka dorsal root ganglion, it’s a cluster of cell bodies in the PNS

40
Q

ventral refers to the ______of the body, and dorsal refers to the _______

A
  • front
  • back
41
Q

What are the six nerves that you need to know for this class?

A

Nerve 1. Olfactory nerve
Nerve 2. Optic nerve
Nerve 7. Facial nerve
Nerve 8. Vestibulocochlear nerve
Nerve 9. Glossopharyngeal nerve
Nerve 10. Vagus nerve

42
Q

Olfactory nerve function

A

enables sense of smell

43
Q

Optic nerve function

A

relay messages from your eyes to your brain to create visual image

44
Q

Facial nerve function

A

controls all the muscles that control facial expression

45
Q

Vestibulocochlear nerve

A

brings sound and information about one’s position and movement in space into the brain

46
Q

Glossopharyngeal nerve function

A

provides motor, parasympathetic and sensory information to your mouth and throat

47
Q

Vagus nerve function

A

Helps regulate internal organ functions, such as digestion, heart rate, and respiratory rate, as well as certain reflex actions, such as coughing, sneezing, swallowing, and vomiting

48
Q

Enteric nervous system

A

part of the PNS, located in the gut and controls digestive processes almost independently from the brain

49
Q

Neurons in the enteric system are the same as the neurons in the _____. What does this mean?

A
  • Brain
  • When you medicate the brain you will influence the enteric system

Biopsychology (10 decks)

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