The central nervous system

Question 1

What are the four subdivisions of the CNS?

Answer 1

1. Forebrain
2. Midbrain
3. Hindbrain
4. Spinal Cord

Question 2

Which CNS subdivision is the biggest in the brain and why?

Answer 2

The forebrain because of the way it develops

Question 3

Define Gyrus

Answer 3

small bump on the braind

Question 4

define gyri

Answer 4

cluster of gyrus

Question 5

define sulcus

Answer 5

small crack in the brain

Question 6

define sulci

Answer 6

cluster of sulcus

Question 7

define fissure

Answer 7

a deep crack in the brain that separates the regions of the brain

Question 8

The cerebral cortex forms the outermost layer of the _____ ______. It consists of densely packed cell bodies and dendrites organized into ____ layers. Most of our ____, _____, and ______ processes emerge from the actions of these neurons.

Answer 8

• cerebral hemispheres
• six
• sensory, motor, and cognitive

Question 9

The axons connecting the cells of the cortex make up the ____ _____.

Answer 9

white matter

Question 10

What is the function of the frontal lobe?

Answer 10

• it’s in charge of executive processes and action
• this includes motor control, problem solving, decision making, and speech

Question 11

Damage to the frontal lobe can result in:

Answer 11

• paralysis or other movement disorders
• difficulty speaking
• loss of cognitive functions such as planning and decision making

Question 12

What is the function of the temporal lobe?

Answer 12

involved in hearing, smelling, recognizing and remembering

Question 13

Damage to the temporal lobe can result in:

Answer 13

• difficulties in auditory perception
• difficulty with speech comprehension
• inability to form new memories (anterograde amnesia)

Question 14

Function of the parietal lobe?

Answer 14

involved in sense of touch and spatial cognition

Question 15

Damage to the parietal lobe can result in:

Answer 15

• numbness or paraesthesia (pins and needles sensation)
• Hemi spatial neglect

Question 16

Define hemi spatial neglect

Answer 16

reduced awareness of stimuli on one side of space, even though there may be no sensory loss

Question 17

In the forebrain, the motor cortex has ______ gyri while the sensorysomatic cortex has _____ gyri

Answer 17

• precentral
• postcentral

Question 18

what is the basal ganglia?

Answer 18

A highly interconnected network of nuclei that are important for different aspects of movement

Question 19

Which two diseases result from the degeneration of the basal ganglia?

Answer 19

Parkinson’s and Huntington’s

Question 20

What is the function of the limbic system?

Answer 20

refers to a loosely defined set of nuclei important for learning, memory and regulating emotional responses

Question 21

The olfactory bulb connects the ______ nerve to the _____ and the ______

Answer 21

• olfactory
• hypothalmus
• amygdala

Question 22

The diencephalon consists of the _____ and the ____

Answer 22

• thalmus
• hypothalmus

Question 23

Function of the thalmus

Answer 23

relay station for most sensory information on its way to the cortex (vision, hearing, touch, taste, but not olfaction).

Question 24

Function of the hypothalmus

Answer 24

important for maintaining homeostasis by regulating thirst, hunger, temp, etc., and reproductive behaviors. Also controls the pituitary gland, thus controlling most hormonal secretions in the body

Question 25

The midbrain consists of:

Answer 25

• superior colliculus (visual processing)
• inferior colliculus (auditory processing)
• substantia nigra (part of the basal ganglia)
• periaqueductal grey (pain control)

Question 26

The hindbrain consists of:

Answer 26

• pons (contains the nuclei for several cranial nerves)
• Cerebellum (brain structure important for motor coordination)
• Medulla (contains nuclei that control breathing and heart rate - damage to the medulla usually results in death)

Question 27

Function of cerebellum

Answer 27

important for coordination of movement (fluidity of movement) and motor learning