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Biopsychology > Resting Membrane Potential and Action Potential > Flashcards

Resting Membrane Potential and Action Potential Flashcards

1
Q

Action potential is _______ while synaptic transmission is _______

A
  • electrical
  • chemical
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2
Q

What is the resting membrane potential?

A

It is the difference in electrical potential (charge) across the membrane of a neuron during an inactive period

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3
Q

What is an ion?

A

an atom or molecule with a charge

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4
Q

What is a cation?

A

an atom with a positive charge

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5
Q

What is an anion?

A

an atom with a negative charge

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6
Q

What are the three types of atoms involved with resting/action potential?

A
  • potassium
  • sodium
  • organic anion
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7
Q

What is diffusion?

A

it’s when particles move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration as a way to create equilibrium

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8
Q

Is the cell membrane permeable, selectively permeable, or nonpermeable to ions? Why?

A

Selectively permeable, because they have ion channels that allow certain ions to cross

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9
Q

What is an ion channel?

A

it is a protein that forms a pore in the cell membrane that allow select ions to passively move across the membrane

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10
Q

In a resting neuron, _____ ions can pass through due to their channel being open, while ______ ions cannot because their channels are not open

A
  • potassium
  • sodium
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11
Q

What is the sodium potassium pump?

A

It is a protein that actively pumps sodium OUT of the cell, and potassium INTO the cell

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12
Q

When it comes to electrostatic forces, which molecules attract and which repel?

A

like repels like (+ repels +, - repels -), while differences attract (+ attract -, - attract +)

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13
Q

Resting membrane potential sits at ___mV

A
  • 65
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14
Q

In a neuron at rest, what is the distribution of Na+, K+, and the organic ions?

A

Sodium ions are mostly outside, while potassium and organic ions are mostly inside of the cell.

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15
Q

Which ion type contributes to the negative charge inside the cell?

A

Electrostatic forces are leaving K+ inside the negatively charged cell

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16
Q

There are open K+ channels open in the membrane during resting potential, and there is more K+ inside the neuron than outside. Why don’t the excess K+ leave the neuron so that the concentration of K+ is the same on the inside and outside of the cell (equilibrium).

A

It’s because of the sodium-potassium pump constantly pumping sodium out and potassium in

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17
Q

What do you think would happen if a bunch of Na+ channels were opened in the membrane of a neuron at rest?

A

Na+ would diffuse into the cell due to diffusion and electrostatic forces (aka action potential)

18
Q

In the context of a neuron, a hyperpolarizing stimulus makes the inside of the neuron and the membrane potential more _______

A

negative

19
Q

In the context of a neuron, a depolarizing stimulus makes the membrane potential more _____

A

positive

20
Q

The two states that an ion channel can exist in is _____ and ______

A
  • open
  • closed
21
Q

Voltage-gated Na+ channels open at a membrane potential of _____ and close at a membrane potential of _____

A
  • 40mV
    + 40mV
22
Q

What is NaV?

A

Abbreviation for Voltage-gated sodium channels

23
Q

Voltage-gated K+ channels open at a membrane potential of ____ and close at a membrane potential of ____

A

+40mV
-60mV

24
Q

What is Kv?

A

Abbreviation for Voltage-gated potassium channels

25
Q

What is the resting potential-action potential sequence?

A
  1. resting potential state at -65mV, where Na+ channels are closed and some K+ channels are open
  2. Na+ channels open, start to rush into the cell, bringing the cell to it’s threshold of -40mV
  3. Even more Na+ rushes into the cell, rapidly bringing the cell membrane potential to +40mV, putting it into it’s refractory period, so the electrical impulse cannot fire off again at this point
  4. This is the relative refractory period, where K+ channels open and K+ start to leave the cell and start to bring the membrane potential down. Once is hits -70mV the K+ channels close
  5. The sodium-potassium pump works to bring the cell back to its equilibrium state of resting potential
26
Q

What is the function of the sodium-potassium pump?

A

restores the original distribution of ions

27
Q

Sodium-potassium pump is also known as ____________

A

Na+/K+/ATPase

28
Q

Is there ion channels under the myelin sheath? Why or why not?

A

There is no ion channels under the myelin sheath. This keeps this part of the axon insulated, which makes for more energy efficiency and faster currents.

29
Q

Where on the axon are ion channels located for Na+, K+, and sodium potassium pump?

A

The nodes of Ranvier

30
Q

What is saltitory conduction?

A

It is when action potential jumps from node to node

31
Q

What is post synaptic potential?

A

It is the change in membrane potential caused by synaptic input.

32
Q

What are the two types of post synaptic potential?

A

Excitatory post-synaptic potential (EPSP) and Inhibitory post synaptic potential (IPSP)

33
Q

post synaptic potential is _________

A

depolarizing

34
Q

What is excitatory post-synaptic potential

A

It is a change in membrane potential that brings it closer to threshold

35
Q

What is inhibitory post-synaptic potential?

A

It is a change in membrane potential that brings it away from threshold

36
Q

What is summation?

A

It is the process that determines whether or not an action potential will be generated by the combined effects of excitatory and inhibitory signals, both from multiple simultaneous inputs, and from repeated inputs

37
Q

What are the two types of summation?

A

temporal summation and spatial summation

38
Q

What is spatial summation?

A

It is when summation for post-synaptic potentials generate at different PLACES on the neuron

39
Q

What is temporal summation?

A

It is when summation for post-synaptic potentials generate at different TIMES

40
Q

Action potentials last __-__ms, while EPSP and IPSP can last up to ____ms.

A

1-2 ms
100 ms

Biopsychology (10 decks)

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