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ROENT > 14. B (RADIATION MEASUREMENTS) > Flashcards

14. B (RADIATION MEASUREMENTS) Flashcards

1
Q

T or f

Radiation can be measured in the same manner as other physical concepts, such as time (minutes), distance (miles/kilometers), and weight (pounds or kilograms).

A

T

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2
Q

The International Commission on Radiation Units and Measurement (ICRU) has established special units for the measurement of radiation. Such units are used to define three quantities of radiation:

A

(1) exposure, (2) dose, (3) dose equivalent.

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3
Q

At present, two systems are used to define radiation measurement:

→ the older system, Traditional System or Standard System

→ the newer system which is the _____, SI System or
Système International de’Unités (International System of Units)

A

metric equivalent

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4
Q

records the dose received by person wearing it

A

DOSIMETER BADGE

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5
Q

worn on the surface of the body

A

DOSIMETER BADGE

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6
Q

determining the quantity of radiation exposure or dose, specifically ionizing radiation

A

DOSIMETRY

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7
Q

refers to the measurement of ionization in air produced by x-rays

A

EXPOSURE

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8
Q

measures the intensity of the radiation field as opposed to the amount of radiation absorbed

A

EXPOSURE

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9
Q

The conversion of roentgen and coulombs per kilogram can be expressed as follows:

A

1 R = 2.58 x 10^-4 C/kg

1 C/kg = 3.88 x 10^3 R

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10
Q

Definition

1 R = 87 erg/g

A

Traditional System: Roentgen (R)

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11
Q

Conversion

1 R = 2.58 x 10^-4 C/kg

A

Traditional System: Roentgen (R)

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12
Q

Conversion

1 C/kg = 3880 R

A

SI System: Coulombs per kg

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13
Q

the amount of energy absorbed by a tissue

A

DOSE

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14
Q

measures the total energy absorbed by any type of ionizing radiation per unit of mass of any type of matter

A

DOSE

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15
Q

varies with the type and energy of radiation and type of matter absorbing the energy

A

DOSE

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16
Q

Definition

1 rad = 100 erg/g

A

Traditional System: Radiation absorbed dose (rad)

17
Q

Conversion

1 rad = 0.01 Gy

A

Traditional System: Radiation absorbed dose (rad)

18
Q

Definition

1 Gy = 0.01 J/kg

A

SI System: Gray (Gy)

19
Q

Conversion

1 Gy = 100 rads

A

SI System: Gray (Gy)

20
Q

The conversions of rad and gray (Gy) can be expressed as follows:

A

1 rad = 0.01 Gy

1 Gy = 100 rads

21
Q

measurement used to compare the biologic effects of different types of radiation

A

DOSE EQUIVALENT

22
Q

ex.:
o alpha particles penetrate only a few mm of tissue, loses all
their energy and are totally absorbed; whereas x-rays penetrate much farther, lose some of their energy, and are only partially absorbed

A

DOSE EQUIVALENT

23
Q

the biological effect of a particular absorbed dose of alpha particles would therefore considered as more severe than similar radiation absorbed dose of-xrays

A

DOSE EQUIVALENT

24
Q

Definition

1 rem = rads x QF

A

Traditional System: Roentgen equivalent (in) man (rem)

25
Q

Conversion

1 rem = 0.01 Sv

A

Traditional System: Roentgen equivalent (in) man (rem)

26
Q

Conversion

1 Sv = 100 rems

A

Sievert (Sv)

27
Q

Definition

1 Sv = Gy x QF

A

Sievert (Sv)

28
Q

The conversions of rem and Sievert can be expressed as follows:

A

1 rem = 0.01 Sv 1 Sv = 100 rems

29
Q

unit of electrical charge; the quantity of electrical charge transferred by 1 ampere in 1 second

A

Coulombs

30
Q

unit of electrical current strength; current yielded by 1 volt against 1 ohm of resistance

A

Ampere

31
Q

unit of energy equivalent to 1.0 x 10^-7 joules or to 2.4 x 10^-8 calories

A

Erg

32
Q

SI unit of energy equivalent to the work done by the force of 1 newton acting over the distance of 1 meter

A

Joule

33
Q

SI unit of force; the force that, when acting continuously on a mass of 1 kg, will impart to it an acceleration

A

Newton

34
Q

unit of mass equivalent to 1000 grams or 2.205 pounds

A

Kilogram

35
Q

in dental radiography, the gray and sievert are equal and the roentgen, rad, and rem are considered approximately equal

A

MEASUREMENTS USED IN DENTAL RADIOGRAPHY

36
Q

smaller multiples of these radiation units are typically used in dentistry because of the small quantities of radiation use during radiographic procedures

A

MEASUREMENTS USED IN DENTAL RADIOGRAPHY

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