15. B (INTRAORAL RADIOGRAPH TECHNIQUES) Flashcards
(92 cards)
1
Q
also called interproximal radiograph
A
BITEWING RADIOGRAPH
2
Q
includes:
o crown of both mandibular and maxillary teeth
o alveolar crest
A
BITEWING RADIOGRAPH
3
Q
takes name from the original technique which involves the
patient biting on a small wing attached to an intraoral film pocket; the use of wings has now been eliminated with the use of modern film holders
A
BITEWING RADIOGRAPH
4
Q
clinically indicated for the detection of:
o dental caries
o monitoring the progression of dental caries, particularly valuable for detecting interproximal caries
o assessment of existing restorations
o assessment of periodontal status
A
BITEWING RADIOGRAPH
5
Q
the long axis of bitewing radiograph must be oriented
______but may also be _____
A
horizontally, vertically
6
Q
the horizontal plane, the x-ray tubehead should be aimed so that the beam meets the teeth and the film packet at right angles and passes directly through all the contact areas
A
BITEWING RADIOGRAPH
7
Q
T or f
In BITEWING RADIOGRAPH
when placing the film, there are different dental arch shapes that dictate it:
U and V Arch
Square Arch
A
T
8
Q
one film for both premolars and molars (unless taking all the way to third molar)
A. U and V Arch
B. Square Arch
A
A
9
Q
two films due to shape of the arch; separate film for premolar and molar
A. U and V Arch
B. Square Arch
A
B
10
Q
for vertical orientation, the x-ray tubehead should be aimed ______, approximately _____ degrees to the horizontal plane; this is to compensate for the upwardly rising curve of Monsoon
A
downwards, 5-8
11
Q
?
Choose appropriate size of film
- 2 for adults, 1 for children, 0 for very small
children, and 3 which is ideal for horizontal
bitewing projections
A
1
12
Q
?
Make sure the patient is positioned with head supported
and occlusal plane horizontal to the floor
A
2
13
Q
?
Assess the shape of patient’s dental arch to determine
number of films required
A
3
14
Q
?
The tab or bite platform should be positioned in the middle
of the film packet and parallel to the lower and upper
edges of the packet
A
4
15
Q
?
The tab is placed on the occlusal surfaces of the lower arch
A
5
16
Q
?
The film packet should be positioned with its long axis
horizontally for a horizontal bitewing or vertically for a
vertical bitewing
A
6
17
Q
?
The posterior teeth and the film packet should be in contact
or as close together as possible
A
7
18
Q
?
The posterior teeth and film packet should be parallel and
the shape of the dental arch may necessitate two separate film positions to achieve this requirement for the premolars and molars
A
8
19
Q
?
The patient is asked to close teeth firmly on the tab and to ensure that the film and film packet are in contact the operator pulls the tab between the teeth as the patient closes their teeth
A
9
20
Q
?
X-ray beam is aimed directly through the contact areas
A
10
21
Q
?
Exposure is made
A
11
22
Q
PREMOLAR BITEWING PROJECTION are?
A
IMAGE FIELD
RECEPTOR PLACEMENT
PROJECTION OF CENTRAL RAY
POINT OF ENTRY
23
Q
distal portion of the mandibular canine anteriorly
A
IMAGE FIELD
(PREMOLAR BITEWING PROJECTION)
24
Q
equally the crowns of the maxillary and mandibular premolar
teeth
A
IMAGE FIELD
(PREMOLAR BITEWING PROJECTION)
25
place the receptor between the tongue and the teeth
RECEPTOR PLACEMENT
(PREMOLAR BITEWING PROJECTION)
26
far enough from the lingual surface of the teeth to prevent
interference by the palate on closing
RECEPTOR PLACEMENT
(PREMOLAR BITEWING PROJECTION)
27
parallel to the long axes of the teeth
RECEPTOR PLACEMENT
(PREMOLAR BITEWING PROJECTION)
28
anterior border of the receptor should extend beyond the
contact area between the mandibular canine and the first premolar
RECEPTOR PLACEMENT
(PREMOLAR BITEWING PROJECTION)
29
T or f
In PREMOLAR BITEWING PROJECTION (RECEPTOR PLACEMENT ) Hold the receptor in place until the patient’s mouth is completely closed. Holding the receptor while closing prevents it from being displaced distally.
T
30
adjust the horizontal angulation of the cone to direct the central ray to the center of the receptor through the premolar contact areas
PROJECTION OF CENTRAL RAY
(PREMOLAR BITEWING PROJECTION)
31
to compensate for the slight inclination of the receptor against the palatal mucosa, vertical angulation should be about +5 degrees
PROJECTION OF CENTRAL RAY
(PREMOLAR BITEWING PROJECTION)
32
line of occlusion at the point of contact between the second premolar and the first molar
POINT OF ENTRY
(PREMOLAR BITEWING PROJECTION)
33
distal surface of the most posterior erupted molar
IMAGE FIELD
(MOLAR BITEWING PROJECTION)
34
equally the crowns of the maxillary and mandibular molars
IMAGE FIELD
(MOLAR BITEWING PROJECTION)
35
True or false
MOLAR BITEWING PROJECTION
Because the maxillary and mandibular molar contact areas may not be open from the same horizontal angulation, they may not be visible on one receptor. In this case, it may be desirable to open the maxillary molar contacts because the mandibular molar contacts usually are open on the periapical receptors
T
36
place the receptor between the tongue and teeth as far as lingual as practical to avoid contacting the sensitive attached gingiva
RECEPTOR PLACEMENT
(MOLAR BITEWING PROJECTION)
37
the distal margin of the receptor should extend 1-2 mm beyond the most posterior erupted molar
RECEPTOR PLACEMENT
(MOLAR BITEWING PROJECTION)
38
to the center of the receptor and through the contact of the first and second maxillary molars
PROJECTION OF CENTRAL RAY
(MOLAR BITEWING PROJECTION)
39
angle the central ray slightly from the anterior because the molar contacts usually are not oriented at right angles to the buccal surfaces of these teeth
PROJECTION OF CENTRAL RAY
(MOLAR BITEWING PROJECTION)
40
a vertical angulation of +10 degrees is recommended
PROJECTION OF CENTRAL RAY
(MOLAR BITEWING PROJECTION)
41
below the lateral canthus of the eye at the level of the occlusal plane
POINT OF ENTRY
(MOLAR BITEWING PROJECTION)
42
placed on large segment of the dental arch
OCCLUSAL RADIOGRAPHS
43
useful when patients are unable to open wide enough or for
other reasons where patient cannot accept periapical films
OCCLUSAL RADIOGRAPHS
44
used to:
o precisely locate roots and supernumerary, unerupted, and impacted teeth
OCCLUSAL RADIOGRAPHS
45
used to:
assess upper anterior teeth (especially in children) in patients unable to tolerate periapical films
OCCLUSAL RADIOGRAPHS
46
used to:
localize foreign bodies in the jaws and stones in the ducts of sublingual and submandibular glands
OCCLUSAL RADIOGRAPHS
47
used to:
demonstrate and evaluate the integrity of the anterior, medial, and lateral outlines of the maxillary sinus
OCCLUSAL RADIOGRAPHS
48
used to:
aid in the examination of patients with trismus, who can open their mouths only a few millimeters
OCCLUSAL RADIOGRAPHS
49
used to:
obtain information about the location, nature, extent, and displacement of fractures of the mandible and maxilla
OCCLUSAL RADIOGRAPHS
50
used to:
determine the medial and lateral extent of disease and to
detect disease in the palate or floor of the mouth
OCCLUSAL RADIOGRAPHS
51
→ anterior maxilla and its dentition
→ anterior floor of the nasal fossa
→ teeth from canine to canine
IMAGE FIELD
(ANTERIOR MAXILLARY OCCLUSAL PROJECTION)
52
Prior to placement of the film, adjust the patient’s head so that the sagittal plane is perpendicular and the occlusal plane is horizontal to the floor.
RECEPTOR PLACEMENT
(ANTERIOR MAXILLARY OCCLUSAL PROJECTION)
53
→ exposure side toward the maxilla
→ posterior border touching the rami
→ long dimension of the receptor perpendicular to the sagittal
plane
RECEPTOR PLACEMENT
(ANTERIOR MAXILLARY OCCLUSAL PROJECTION)
54
The patient stabilizes the receptor by gently closing the mouth or using gentle bilateral thumb pressure.
RECEPTOR PLACEMENT
(ANTERIOR MAXILLARY OCCLUSAL PROJECTION)
55
→ through the tip of the nose toward the middle of the receptor
PROJECTION OF CENTRAL RAY
(ANTERIOR MAXILLARY OCCLUSAL PROJECTION)
56
→ approximately +45 degrees vertical angulation and 0 degrees
horizontal angulation
PROJECTION OF CENTRAL RAY
(ANTERIOR MAXILLARY OCCLUSAL PROJECTION)
57
through the tip of the nose
POINT OF ENTRY
(ANTERIOR MAXILLARY OCCLUSAL PROJECTION)
58
→ palate
→ zygomatic processes of the maxilla
→ anteroinferior aspects of each antrum
→ nasolacrimal canals
→ teeth from second molar to second molar
→ nasal septum
IMAGE FIELD
(CROSS SECTIONAL (TOPOGRAPHICAL) MAXILLARY OCCLUSAL PROJECTION)
59
Prior to placement, seat patient upright with the sagittal plane perpendicular to the floor and the occlusal plane horizontal.
RECEPTOR PLACEMENT
(CROSS SECTIONAL (TOPOGRAPHICAL) MAXILLARY OCCLUSAL PROJECTION)
60
long dimension perpendicular to the sagittal plane, crosswise in the mouth
RECEPTOR PLACEMENT
(CROSS SECTIONAL (TOPOGRAPHICAL) MAXILLARY OCCLUSAL PROJECTION)
61
film pushed backward until in contact with anterior border of the mandibular rami
RECEPTOR PLACEMENT
(CROSS SECTIONAL (TOPOGRAPHICAL) MAXILLARY OCCLUSAL PROJECTION)
62
The patient stabilizes the receptor by gently closing the mouth.
RECEPTOR PLACEMENT
(CROSS SECTIONAL (TOPOGRAPHICAL) MAXILLARY OCCLUSAL PROJECTION)
63
→ vertical angulation of +65 degrees and a horizontal angulation of 0 degrees
PROJECTION OF CENTRAL RAY
(CROSS SECTIONAL (TOPOGRAPHICAL) MAXILLARY OCCLUSAL PROJECTION)
64
to the bridge of the nose just below the nasion, toward the middle of the receptor
PROJECTION OF CENTRAL RAY
(CROSS SECTIONAL (TOPOGRAPHICAL) MAXILLARY OCCLUSAL PROJECTION)
65
through the bridge of the nose
POINT OF ENTRY
(CROSS SECTIONAL (TOPOGRAPHICAL) MAXILLARY OCCLUSAL PROJECTION)
66
→ a quadrant of the alveolar ridge of the maxilla
→ inferolateral aspect of the antrum
→ tuberosity
IMAGE FIELD
(LATERAL MAXILLARY OCCLUSAL PROJECTION)
67
→ teeth from lateral incisor to the contralateral third molar
→ zygomatic process of the maxilla superimposes over the roots of
the molar teeth
IMAGE FIELD
(LATERAL MAXILLARY OCCLUSAL PROJECTION)
68
→ long axis of film parallel to the sagittal plane
→ on the side of interest (side being radiographed)
RECEPTOR PLACEMENT
(LATERAL MAXILLARY OCCLUSAL PROJECTION)
69
-tube side toward the maxilla
→ film pushed posteriorly until touching the ramus
RECEPTOR PLACEMENT
(LATERAL MAXILLARY OCCLUSAL PROJECTION)
70
→ lateral border of film is parallel with the buccal surfaces of the
posterior teeth, extending laterally approximately 1 cm past the buccal cusps
RECEPTOR PLACEMENT
(LATERAL MAXILLARY OCCLUSAL PROJECTION)
71
Patient closes their mouth gently to hold the receptor in position.
RECEPTOR PLACEMENT
(LATERAL MAXILLARY OCCLUSAL PROJECTION)
72
→ vertical angulation of +60 degrees; horizontal angulation of 0
→ 2 cm below the lateral canthus of the eye, directed toward the
center of the receptor
PROJECTION OF CENTRAL RAY
(LATERAL MAXILLARY OCCLUSAL PROJECTION)
73
approximately 2 cm below the lateral canthus of the eye
POINT OF ENTRY
(LATERAL MAXILLARY OCCLUSAL PROJECTION)
74
→ anterior portion of the mandible
→ dentition from canine to canine
→ inferior cortical border of the mandible
IMAGE FIELD
(ANTERIOR MANDIBULAR OCCLUSAL PROJECTION)
75
Prior to placement, the patient is seated tilted back so that the occlusal plane is 45 degrees above horizontal.
RECEPTOR PLACEMENT
(ANTERIOR MANDIBULAR OCCLUSAL PROJECTION)
76
→ long axis of film perpendicular to the sagittal plane
→ pushed posteriorly until touching the rami
→ receptor is centered
→ pebbled side (tube side) down
RECEPTOR PLACEMENT
(ANTERIOR MANDIBULAR OCCLUSAL PROJECTION)
77
Patient bites lightly to hold the receptor in position.
RECEPTOR PLACEMENT
(ANTERIOR MANDIBULAR OCCLUSAL PROJECTION)
78
→ vertical angulation of -10 degrees (this gives the ray -55 degrees of angulation to the plane of the receptor)
→ through the point of the chin towards the middle of the receptor
PROJECTION OF CENTRAL RAY
(ANTERIOR MANDIBULAR OCCLUSAL PROJECTION)
79
midline and through the tip of the chin
POINT OF ENTRY
(ANTERIOR MANDIBULAR OCCLUSAL PROJECTION)
80
→ soft tissue of the floor of the mouth
IMAGE FIELD
(CROSS SECTIONAL (TOPOGRAPHICAL)
MANDIBULAR OCCLUSAL PROJECTION)
81
lingual and buccal plates of the mandible from 2nd molar to
2nd molar
IMAGE FIELD
(CROSS SECTIONAL (TOPOGRAPHICAL)
MANDIBULAR OCCLUSAL PROJECTION)
82
When this view is made to examine the floor of the mouth, the exposure time should be reduced to half the time used to create an image of the mandible.
IMAGE FIELD
(CROSS SECTIONAL (TOPOGRAPHICAL)
MANDIBULAR OCCLUSAL PROJECTION)
83
Prior to placement, the patient is seated in a semi-reclined position with the head tilted back so that the ala-tragus line is almost perpendicular to the floor.
RECEPTOR PLACEMENT
(CROSS SECTIONAL (TOPOGRAPHICAL)
MANDIBULAR OCCLUSAL PROJECTION)
84
→ long axis of film perpendicular to the sagittal plane
→ tube side toward the mandible
→ anterior border of film should be approximately 1 cm beyond
the mandibular central incisors
RECEPTOR PLACEMENT
(CROSS SECTIONAL (TOPOGRAPHICAL)
MANDIBULAR OCCLUSAL PROJECTION)
85
midline through the floor of the mouth approximately 3 cm below the chin, at right angles to the center of the receptor
PROJECTION OF CENTRAL RAY
(CROSS SECTIONAL (TOPOGRAPHICAL)
MANDIBULAR OCCLUSAL PROJECTION)
86
→ midline through the floor of the mouth approximately 3 below the chin
POINT OF ENTRY
(CROSS SECTIONAL (TOPOGRAPHICAL)
MANDIBULAR OCCLUSAL PROJECTION)
87
→ soft tissues of half of the floor of the mouth
→ buccal and lingual cortical plates of half the mandible
→ teeth from lateral incisor to the contralateral third molar
IMAGE FIELD
(LATERAL MANDIBULAR OCCLUSAL PROJECTION)
88
When this view is used to provide an image of the floor of the mouth, the exposure time should be reduced to half that used to provide an image of the mandible
IMAGE FIELD
(LATERAL MANDIBULAR OCCLUSAL PROJECTION)
89
Prior to placement, the patient is seated in a semi-reclined position with the head tilted back so that the ala-tragus line is almost perpendicular to the floor.
RECEPTOR PLACEMENT
(LATERAL MANDIBULAR OCCLUSAL PROJECTION)
90
→ long axis of film initially parallel with the sagittal plane
→ pebbled side (tube side) toward the mandible
→ placed as posteriorly as possible, then the long axis is shifted
buccally (right or left) so that the lateral border of the receptor is parallel with the buccal surfaces of the posterior teeth and extends laterally approximately 1 cm
RECEPTOR PLACEMENT
(LATERAL MANDIBULAR OCCLUSAL PROJECTION)
91
→ perpendicular to the center of the receptor through a point beneath the chin
→ approximately 3 cm posterior to the point of the chin and 3 cm lateral to the midline
PROJECTION OF CENTRAL RAY
(LATERAL MANDIBULAR OCCLUSAL PROJECTION)
92
beneath the chin, approximately 3 cm posterior to the chin and approximately 3 cm lateral to the midline
POINT OF ENTRY
(LATERAL MANDIBULAR OCCLUSAL PROJECTION)
