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ROENT > LECTURE 3: FACIAL LANDMARKS > Flashcards

LECTURE 3: FACIAL LANDMARKS Flashcards

1
Q

making of radiographs of teeth and adjacent structures by the exposure of films to x-rays

A

DENTAL RADIOGRAPHY

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2
Q

picture on a film produced by the passage of x-rays through an object

A

RADIOGRAPH

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3
Q

STANDARD RADIOGRAPHIC PROCEDURES

A

→ area to be radiographed
→ film
→ x-ray beam

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4
Q

In STANDARD RADIOGRAPHIC PROCEDURES, All of these must be in proper relationship to create an accurate radiographic image sometimes called the ________

A

diagnostic image

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5
Q

imaginary beam of x-rays traveling directly through the center of the cone

A

CENTRAL BEAM OF RADIATION (CR)

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6
Q

used as a reference point when discussing the orientation of the x-ray beam, object, and film

A

CENTRAL BEAM OF RADIATION (CR)

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7
Q

very much used in periapical radiography (an intraoral technique used to take images of the tooth up to its surrounding periapical area)

A

FACIAL LANDMARKS IN ORAL RADIOGRAPHY

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8
Q

areas on the face that provide the radiographer with a quick reference in positioning the PID (directing of the central beam of the radiation)

A

FACIAL LANDMARKS IN ORAL RADIOGRAPHY

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9
Q

maxillary and mandibular molars

A

Outer Canthus of the Eye

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10
Q

maxillary and mandibular premolars

A

Inner Canthus (Pupil) of the Eye

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11
Q

maxillary and mandibular canines

A

Ala of the Nose

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12
Q

maxillary incisors

A

Tip of the Nose

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13
Q

mandibular incisors

A

Chin

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14
Q

The central beam (center of the cone) is directed at the level of beam
these:

A

→ ala tragus line for maxillary teeth
→ 1⁄2 inch from the lower border of the mandible for mandibular
teeth

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15
Q

direction or alignment of the central beam in a horizontal and vertical plane

A

CENTRAL RAY ANGULATION

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16
Q

tubehead and the PID are aligned to obtain the optimum angle at which the radiation is to be directed toward the film

A

CENTRAL RAY ANGULATION

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17
Q

In CENTRAL RAY ANGULATION there are (2) projections or angulations of the tubehead:

A

o vertical angulation
o horizontal angulation

(for successful exposure techniques, both angulations must be considered)

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18
Q

considered first

A

VERTICAL ANGULATION

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19
Q

positioning of the PID in an up and down plane in order to
direct the central rays of the x-ray perpendicular to the film

A

VERTICAL ANGULATION

20
Q

controls the longitudinal dimensions of the resulting image

A

VERTICAL ANGULATION

21
Q

measured in degrees that is found on the number scale

A

VERTICAL ANGULATION

22
Q

begins at 0 degrees; scaled at 5 degrees

A

VERTICAL ANGULATION

23
Q

TYPES OF VERTICAL ANGULATION

A

Zero

Positive

Negative

24
Q

angulation when the PID and central rays are parallel to the floor or the occlusal plane

A

Zero

25
Q

usually for mandibular molars

A

Zero

26
Q

maxillary teeth

A

Positive

27
Q

angulation above the occlusal plane from 0
degrees in which the tip of the PID is tilted downwards

A

Positive

28
Q

angulation below the occlusal plane from 0 degrees in which the tip of the PID is tilted upwards

A

Negative

29
Q

mandibular teeth

A

Negative

30
Q

PROBLEMS OF INCORRECT VERTICAL ANGULATION

A

FORESHORTENING

ELONGATION

31
Q

occurs if the vertical angulation is larger or greater than necessary

A

FORESHORTENING

32
Q

image of the teeth appears smaller than normal

A

FORESHORTENING

33
Q

occurs if the vertical angulation is less than necessary or inadequate

A

ELONGATION

34
Q

image of the teeth appears larger/longer than normal

A

ELONGATION

35
Q

→ side to side or horizontal movement of the tubehead or x-ray beam

→ positioning of the tubehead on a horizontal or side to side plane

A

HORIZONTAL ANGULATION

36
Q

remains the same whether paralleling or bisecting angle technique is used

o there is no number value

A

HORIZONTAL ANGULATION

37
Q

to direct the central rays of the x-ray beam perpendicular toward the surface toward the film surface and through the interproximal surfaces of the teeth

A

HORIZONTAL ANGULATION

38
Q

correct horizontal angulation:

A

o open contact areas (radiolucent)
o x-ray beam was able to go perpendicular to the surface
and beam is able to reach the film through these contact areas

39
Q

incorrect horizontal angulation

A

o overlapping (radiopaque)
o unless in cases of crowding of the teeth

40
Q

True or false

Correct horizontal and vertical angulation of the x-ray beam is necessary to obtain radiographs of diagnostic quality.

A

True

41
Q

incisors centered on?

A

midline

42
Q

cuspid centered on ?

A

cuspid

43
Q

premolar centered on?

A

second premolar

44
Q

molar centered on

A

second molar

45
Q

anterior films are positioned ?

A

vertically

46
Q

posterior films are positioned

A

horizontally

47
Q

(1) Seat the patient upright
(2) Adjust the patient’s head

(3) Place film properly

(4) Adjust the tip of the PID (distance)
(5) Determine vertical angulation
(6) Determine horizontal angulation
(7) Center beam on film; expose the film

A

GENERAL PROCEDURE TO DETERMINE VERTICAL and HORIZONTAL ANGULATIONS

ROENT (10 decks)

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