LECTURE 17: RADIOGRAPHIC INTERPRETATION: PERIAPICAL Flashcards by Love Dog

→ for objects of low density
→ air, soft tissue

DARK GRAY TO BLACK

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for objects of high density

WHITE TO LIGHT GRAY

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radiolucent

larger in children than in adults

size and shape vary with each tooth

Pulp Root/Canal

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radiopaque

comprises most of the tooth structure

not as radiopaque as enamel

Dentin

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outermost radiopaque layer of the crown of a tooth

Enamel

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dense radiopaque line surrounding the root of a tooth

Lamina Dura

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also known as nasopalatine foramen

→ located at the midline of the anterior portion of the hard palate directly posterior to the maxillary central incisors

Incisive Foramen

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small ovoid or round radiolucent area located between the roots of the maxillary central incisors

Incisive Foramen

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the nasopalatine nerve exits the maxilla through this foramen

Incisive Foramen

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immovable joint between the two palatine processes of the maxilla

Median Palatine Suture

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extends from the alveolar bone between the maxillary central incisors to the posterior hard palate

Median Palatine Suture

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thin radiolucent line between the maxillary central incisors

bounded on both sides by dense cortical bone that appears radiopaque

Median Palatine Suture

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T/f

Median Palatine Suture may become less distinct radiographically as it fuses with age

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pear-shaped compartment of bone located superior to the maxilla

Nasal Cavity

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its floor is formed by the palatal processes of the maxilla and horizontal portions of the palatine bones

Nasal Cavity

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its lateral walls are formed by the ethmoid bone and maxillae

Nasal Cavity

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large radiolucent area above the maxill incisors

Nasal Cavity

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vertical bony wall or partition that divides the nasal cavity into the right and left fossae

Nasal Septum

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Nasal Septum

formed by two bones:
o vomer
o portion of ethmoid bone
o cartilage

o vomer
o portion of ethmoid bone
o cartilage

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vertical radiopaque partition that divides nasal cavity

may be superimposed over the median palatal suture

Nasal Septum

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Bony wall formed by the palatal processes of the maxilla and horizontal portion of palatine bones

Floor of the Nasal Cavity

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T/f
Floor of the Nasal Cavity composed of dense cortical bone and defines the inferior bo-rder of the nasal cavity

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two small round radiolucencies located superior to the apices of the maxillary central incisors

Superior Foramina of the Incisive Canal

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sharp projection of the maxilla located at the anterior and inferior portion of the nasal cavity

Anterior Nasal Spine

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V-shaped radiopaque area located at the intersection of the floor of the nasal cavity and nasal septum

Anterior Nasal Spine

two tiny openings or holes → located at the floor of the nasal cavity

Superior Foramina of the Incisive Canal

→ extend downward and medially from the floor of the nasal cavity → join together to form the incisive canal and share a common exit, the incisive foramen → nasopalatine nerve enters through here

Superior Foramina of the Incisive Canal

→ join together to form the incisive canal and share a common exit, the incisive foramen → nasopalatine nerve enters through here

Superior Foramina of the Incisive Canal

two small round radiolucencies located superior to the apices of the maxillary central incisors

Superior Foramina of the Incisive Canal

sharp projection of the maxilla located at the anterior and inferior portion of the nasal cavity

Anterior Nasal Spine

V-shaped radiopaque area located at the intersection of the floor of the nasal cavity and nasal septum

Anterior Nasal Spine

Wafer-thin, curved plates of bone than extend from the lateral walls of the nasal cavity seen in the lower lateral portions of the nasal cavity

Inferior Nasal Conchae

Wafer-thin, curved plates of bone than extend from the lateral walls of the nasal cavity seen in the lower lateral portions of the nasal cavity

Inferior Nasal Conchae

smooth, depressed area of the maxilla located inferior and medial to infraorbital foramen between the canine and lateral incisors

Lateral Fossa

T/f Lateral Fossa is a radiolucent area between the maxillary canine and lateral incisors, may appear as distinct radiolucency or absent varies depending on anatomy of individual

refers to the intersection of the maxillary sinus and the nasal cavity as viewed on a dental radiograph

Inverted Y or Antral Y

T/f Inverted Y or Antral Y is located above the maxillary canine

paired cavities or compartments of bone located within the maxilla → located above the maxillary premolar and nmolars

Maxillary Sinus

→ size of a small pea at birth and expands with growth until it eventually occupies a large portion of the maxilla

Maxillary Sinus

its floor is composed of dense cortical bone that appears as a radiopaque line

Maxillary Sinus

Rounded prominence of bone that extends posterior to the third molar region, blood vessels and nerves enter the maxilla in this region and supply the posterior teeth

Maxillary Tuberosity

radiopaque bulge distal to the third molar region

Maxillary Tuberosity

bony walls or partitions that appear to divide the maxillary sinus into compartments

Septa Within the Maxillary Sinus

radiopaque lines within the maxillary sinus may either be distinct or absent

Septa Within the Maxillary Sinus

also known as the hamular process small hook-like projection of bone extending from medial pterygoid plate of the sphenoid bone

Hamulus

bony projection of maxilla articulating with → zygoma or malar (cheek) bone

Zygomatic Process of Maxilla

J- or U-shaped radiopacity located superio the maxillary first molar region

Zygomatic Process of Maxilla

articulates with the zygomatic process of the maxilla

Zygoma/Cheekbone/Malar Bone

diffuse, radiopaque band extending posteriorly from the zygomatic process of the maxilla

Zygoma/Cheekbone/Malar Bone

tiny, tubelike passageways through bone that → contain blood vessels and nerves that supply the maxillary teeth and interdental areas

Nutrient Canal for PSAN

narrow radiolucent band bounded by two radiopaque lines that represent the cort bone that comprises the walls of the canal

Nutrient Canal for PSAN

extension of the lateral maxillary surface that arises in the region of the apices of the first and second molars

Zygomatic Process

U-shaped radiopaque line with its open end directed superiorly enclosed rounded end is in the apical region of the first and second molars

Zygomatic Process

lie posterior to the tuberosity of the maxilla

Lateral Pterygoid Plates

radiopaque homogeneous shadow without evidence of trabeculation

Lateral Pterygoid Plates

dense, broad, radiopaque band of bone

Lower Border of the Mandible

tiny bumps of bone that serve as attachment sites for the genioglossus and geniohyoid muscles, located on lingual aspect of the mandible

Genial Tubercles (Mental Spine)

ring-shaped radiopacity below the apices of the mandibular incisors

Genial Tubercles (Mental Spine)

tiny opening or hole in bone located on internal surface of mandible → located near midline and surrounded by the genial tubercles

Lingual Foramen

small radiolucent dot located inferior to apices of the mandibular incisors

Lingual Foramen

linear prominence of bone located on internal surface of the mandible → extends from molar region downward and forward toward the lower border of the mandibular symphysis → serves as an attachment site for the mylohyoid muscle

Internal Oblique Ridge

linear prominence of bone located on the external surface of the body of the mandible

External Oblique Ridge

radiopaque band extending downward and forward from the anterior border of the ramus of the mandible typically ends in the mandibular third molar region

External Oblique Ridge

linear prominence of cortical bone located on external surface of anterior portion of mandible → extends from premolar region to midline and slopes slightly upward

Mental Ridge

thick radiopaque band that extends from premolar region ot incisor region often superimposed over mandibular ante teeth

Mental Ridge

scooped-out depressed area of bone located on external surface of anterior mandible located above the mental ridge

Mental Fossa

opening or hole in bone on external surface of mandible in the region of the mandibular premolars blood vessels and nerves supplying lower lip → exit here

Mental Foramen

small ovoid or round radiolucent area located in the apical region of the mandibular premolars frequently misdiagnosed as a periapical lesion

Mental Foramen

scooped-out, depressed area of bone located on the internal surface of the mandible inferior to the mylohyoid ridge

Submandibular Fossa

radiolucent area in the molar region below mylohyoid ridge

Submandibular Fossa

tube-like passageway through bone that travels the length of the mandible → extends from mandibular foramen to mental foramen and houses the IAN and blood vessels

Mandibular Canal

radiolucent band outlined by two thin radiopaque lines that represent the cortical walls of the canal

Mandibular Canal

marked prominence of bone on the anterior ramus of the mandible → serves as an attachment site for one of the muscles of mastication

Coronoid Process

appears on maxillary molar periapical film triangular radiopacity superimposed over, or inferior to the maxillary tuberosity region

Coronoid Process