14 causes Flashcards by Bri deer

Q

mechanical injury (mechanial cardiac valves)

A

intravasc hemolysis –> hemolytic anemia

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Q

intracellular parasites (malaria)

A

intravasc hemolysis –> hemolytic anemia

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Q

extracellular toxins (clostridial enzymes

A

intravasc hemolysis –> hemolytic anemia

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Q

complement fixation (mismatched blood transfusion)

A

intravasc hemolysis –> hemolytic anemia

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Q

parvovirus 19

A

causes aplastic crisis if already:

hereditary spherocytosis (HS)
sickle cell anemia
B thalassemia major

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Q

EBV

A

causes hemolytic crisis if already hereditary spherocytosis (HS)
Cold Agglutinin type of immunohemolytic anemia

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Q

Fava beans

A

oxidative stress –>G6PD deficiency

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Q

drugs (Quinidine)

A

oxidative stress –>G6PD deficiency

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Q

infection

A

oxidative stress –>G6PD deficiency

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Q

inflamm

A

oxidative stress –>G6PD deficiency

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Q

Mediterranean, Africa, SE asia

A

Bthalassemia

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Q

drugs (penicillins, cephalosporins, a-methyldopa)

A

Warm Ab Type of immunohemolytic anemia

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Q

autoimmune disorders (esp SLE)

A

Warm Ab Type of immunohemolytic anemia

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Q

lymphoid neoplasms

A

Warm Ab Type of immunohemolytic anemia

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Q

mycoplasma pneumonia

A

Cold Agglutinin type of immunohemolytic anemia

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Q

CMV

A

Cold Agglutinin type of immunohemolytic anemia

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Q

influenza virus

A

Cold Agglutinin type of immunohemolytic anemia

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Q

HIV

A

Cold Agglutinin type of immunohemolytic anemia

- Chronic Immune Thrombocytopenic Purpura (ITP)

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Q

B cell neoplasms

A

Cold Agglutinin type of immunohemolytic anemia

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Q

children post-viral infection

A

Cold Hemolysin type of Immunohemolytic Anemias

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Q

prosthetic cardiac valves

A

Microangiopathic Hemolytic Anemia d/t trauma

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Q

DIC –>microangiopathic Ds.

A

Microangiopathic Hemolytic Anemia d/t trauma

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Q

TTP/HUS–> microangiopathic Ds.

A

Microangiopathic Hemolytic Anemia d/t trauma

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Q

malig HTN –> microangiopathic Ds.

A

Microangiopathic Hemolytic Anemia d/t trauma

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SLE --> microangiopathic Ds.

Microangiopathic Hemolytic Anemia d/t trauma

disseminated CA--> microangiopathic Ds.

Microangiopathic Hemolytic Anemia d/t trauma

AI gastritis

pernicious anemia

folic acid deficiency

pernicious anemia

scandanavian

pernicious anemia

Achlorhydria

vitB12 deficiency | = (impairs B12 release from food).

Gastrectomy

- vitB12 deficiency: bc causes loss of IF | - -iron deficient anemia

Loss of exocrine pancreas function

``` vitB12 deficiency (impairs B12 release from haptocorrin). ```

Loss of pepsin secretion

vitB12 deficiency

Resection of the terminal ileum

vitB12 deficiency

Malabsorption syndromes (including *fish* tapeworms Diphyllobothrium latum)

vitB12 deficiency

Increased requirements (pregnancy, hyperthyroidism, disseminated cancer, chronic infection).

- vitB12 deficiency - folate deficiency - -iron deficient anemia

overcooking green veggies

folate deficiency

alocholism

folate deficiency | -Alcoholism may lead to trapping folate in the liver, urinary loss and altered metabolism.

old, poor, teens, infants

- folate deficiency | - iron deficient anemia

celiac dis

- folate deficiency | - iron deficient anemia

phenytoin

folate deficiency

OCT

folate deficiency

methotrexate

folate deficiency

steatorrhea, chronic drh

-iron deficient anemia

external hemorrhage or bleeding into the GI or GU tracts

-iron deficient anemia

hospitalized pts

anemia of chronic dis

Chronic microbial infections (osteomyelitis, bacterial endocarditis, lung abscesses)

anemia of chronic dis

Chronic immune disorders (RA, regional arteritis).

anemia of chronic dis

Neoplasms (lung, breast, Hodgkin's lymphoma).

anemia of chronic dis

radiatino

aplastic anemia

drugs: chemo, benzene

aplastic anemia

hepatitis D, E

aplastic anemia

thymoma

pure red cell aplasia

large granular lymphocytic leukemia

pure red cell aplasia

parvovirus B19

pure red cell aplasia

metastatic carcinoma

- pure red cell aplasia | - myelophthisic anemia

spent phase MPS

pure red cell aplasia

Water deprivation

relative polycythemia

Prolonged vomiting or diarrhea

relative polycythemia

Excessive diuretic use

relative polycythemia

high altitudes/hypoxia

- absolute polycythemia: secoandary | - DIC from causing endothelial injury

HIF1α stabilization

absolute polycythemia: secoandary

Inection: - meningococcemia - septicemia - infective endocarditis - rickettsiose - Neisseria

Bleeding Disorder: Vessel Wall Abnormalities

Scurvy, ehlers-danos Syndrome, Cushings Synd

Bleeding Disorder: Vessel Wall Abnormalities | =d/t collagen loss

Henoch-schonlein Purpura

Bleeding Disorder: Vessel Wall Abnormalities

SLE

- Chronic Immune Thrombocytopenic Purpura (ITP) | - DIC from causing endothelial injury

CLL

Chronic Immune Thrombocytopenic Purpura (ITP)

quinidine (malaria drugs)

Drug Induced Thrombocytopenia

vancomycin

Drug Induced Thrombocytopenia

Children or elderly with E. Coli O157:H7 dysentery (beef).

Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome (HUS)

obstetric complications

DIC (bc trigger TF into circ)

damaged tissue following trauma

DIC (bc trigger TF into circ)

leukemic cells in acute promyelocytic leukemia

DIC (bc trigger TF into circ)

burns or surgery

DIC (bc trigger TF into circ)

granules of , mucus from adenocarcinomas.

DIC (bc trigger TF into circ)

Endotoxins

DIC (bc trigger TF into circ)

Ag-Ab complexes, in response to infxn

DIC (bc trigger TF into circ)

acidosis

-DIC from causing endothelial injury

infectionsL meningococci , ridkettsiae

-DIC from causing endothelial injury

IgA deficiency

allergic reaction to transfusion