Topic 1.2.3 - Polysaccharides

Question 1

3 main polysaccharides

Answer 1

Starch
cellulose
glycogen

Question 2

What are polysaccharides used as?

Answer 2

An energy store

Question 3

What is the name for the polysaccharide when there are 3-10 monosaccharides?

Answer 3

Ogliosaccharide

Question 4

What is the name for the polysaccharide when there are 11 or more monosaccharides?

Answer 4

Polysaccharide

Question 5

Why are polysaccharides good for storage?

Answer 5

The glycosidic bonds are easily broken meaning monosaccharides can be released for respiration
They are very compact so can be stored inside cells
Not soluble in water so no effect on water potential

Question 6

What type of reaction breaks down a polysaccharide?

Answer 6

A hydrolysis reaction

Question 7

properties of starch

Answer 7

Made of alpha glucose
Compact
Insoluble

Question 8

properties of starch-amylose

Answer 8

Long chain of alpha glucose
unbranched
Coiled structure which makes it compact

Question 9

Properties of starch-amylopectin

Answer 9

Long chains of alpha glucose
Branched structure
Branches allow enzymes to break it down so glucose can be released

Question 10

Structure of Cellulose

Answer 10

Polymer of beta glucose
From chains that run parallel with hydrogen bonds in between the chains which form microfibrils

Question 11

Properties of glycogen

Answer 11

Animals store carbohydrates as glycogen
Made of alpha glucose
Branched structure
Stored in small granules
Broken down more rapidly as it’s more soluble than starch