Topic 2.3.2 - Mitosis Flashcards

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1
Q

When does mitosis take place?

A

Division of a zygote into a multicellular organism before birth
Growth of tissues during development into an adult
Replacement of damaged cells
Formation of clones of T and B cell clones.

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2
Q

What does each chromosome consist of?

A

2 sister chromatids joined at the centromere

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3
Q

Prophase.

A

Chromosomes coil up and become visible
Nucleolus breaks down and centrioles begin to pull apart to form the spindle.

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4
Q

Metaphase.

A

Nuclear membrane has been broken down and centrioles are at opposite ends of the cell.
This forms a set of microtubules between known as the spindle
Chromatids line up along the equator
each centromere associated with a microtubule of the spindle

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5
Q

Anaphase

A

Centromeres split meaning chromatids separate becoming chromosmes
Chromosomes pulled to opposite ends of the cell

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6
Q

Telophase

A

Chromatids have reached poles of cell.
Referred to chromosomes again
Spindle apparatus breaks down and nuclear membranes reform.

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7
Q

Cytokinesis.

A

The central membrane is pulled inwards by the cytoskeleton.
This creates a groove which gradually deepens.
Eventually membranes fuse to form 2 independent cells.

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8
Q

Differences in plant cell mitosis.

A

Centrioles don’t play a role forming spindle apparatus as plant cells don’t have them.
During cytokinesis, plant cell membrane can’t form form a furrow as in animal cells.
Instead vesciles from the golgi apparatus form membrane structures.

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