Topic 1.2.4 - Lipids Flashcards
What are lipids made of?
Hydrocarbons
What are the 2 types of lipids?
Triglycerides
Phospholipids
What are triglycerides and give an example
Fats and oils
E.g Butter
What type of reaction joins the glycerol to the 3 fatty acids?
A condensation reaction
What type of bond joins the fatty acids and the glycerol?
An ester bond
How are triglycerides formed?
When the OH group on the glycerol combines with the COOH group on the fatty acid
Water is removed
What are saturated fatty acids?
All carbons in the chain are joined together by a single bond
What are unsaturated fatty acids?
There are one or more double covalent bonds between carbons in the chain
Example of an unsaturated fatty acid
Oleic acid
Properties of saturated fatty acids.
Tend to be solid at room temperature
Are able to pack closely together as the chain is relatively straight due to many single covalent bonds
Structure of a phospholipid
2 fatty acids attached to glycerol
also have a phosphate group which is polar
property of the glycerol phosphate head
It’s hydrophilic - soluble in water
Property of the fatty acid tail on a phospholipid
It’s hydrophobic - insoluble in water
What does amphipathic mean?
One end of the molecule is hydrophobic and the other hydrophilic. (Phospholipid)
What does amphipathic give a molecule?
Fluid properties allowing soluble substances to pass through.
