Ch 6/7 Skeletal System pt 1

Question 1

axial skeleton

Answer 1

skull, vertebral column, ribs

Question 2

appendicular skeleton

Answer 2

upper and lower limbs, shoulder and hip girdle

Question 3

function of bones

Answer 3

support, protection, movement (bones as levers), mineral storage (Ca and P), hematopoiesis

Question 4

long bones

Answer 4

shaft and two ends (ie humerus, tibia, ulna, phalanges)

Question 5

short bones

Answer 5

cube shaped (carpals, tarsals)

Question 6

flat bones

Answer 6

thin, flat, slightly curved (ie ribs, scapula, skullbones, sternum)

Question 7

irregular bones

Answer 7

complicated shapes (vertebra, coxal bones)

Question 8

foramen

Answer 8

hole through bone

Question 9

meatus

Answer 9

canal through bone

Question 10

fossa

Answer 10

shallow depression in bone

Question 11

condyle

Answer 11

rounded projection involved in articulation (bone-bone connection)

Question 12

head

Answer 12

larger bony projection held on a narrow neck

Question 13

facet

Answer 13

smooth, flattened surface forming articulation

Question 14

tubercle

Answer 14

small, rounded projection (often rough area)

Question 15

crest

Answer 15

narrow, prominent ridge of bone

Question 16

osteocyte

Answer 16

maintain bone tissue

Question 17

osteoblast

Answer 17

form bone matrix

Question 18

osteoclast

Answer 18

resorbs bone

Question 19

osteogenic

Answer 19

stem cells

Question 20

osteoprogenitor

Answer 20

become osteocytes

Question 21

chondrocytes

Answer 21

mature cartilage cells

Question 22

chondroblasts

Answer 22

cartilage forming cells

Question 23

bone homestasis

Answer 23

1) Resting - ossified, rigid
2) Activation - activates osteoclasts for resorption
3) Resorption - osteoclasts secrete hydrochloric acid to break down P and Ca in osteocytes for blood
4) Reversal - activates osteoblasts for reforming
5) Formation - formation of new osteocytes
6) Mineralization - adding Ca and P back to bone to ossify

Question 24

bones as mineral storage

Answer 24

when blood levels of Ca are too high, calcitonin is released and osteoblasts add Ca to bone

when blood levels of Ca are too low, PTH (parathyroid hormone) is release and stimulates osteoclast activity

Question 25

two types of bone development in fetus

Answer 25

starts at 8 weeks
fibrous membranes (intermembranous ossification) bones of skull and clavicle
hyaline cartilage (endochondral ossification) all bones below skull except clavicle, epiphyseal plates form between diaphysis an epiphysis

Question 26

how are bones formed

Answer 26

longitudinally, from the center out. appositional growth on the inside (center widens and bone expands)