Ch 17 Endocrine - Organs and Hormones

Question 1

major endocrine glands

Answer 1

hypothalamus
pituitary gland

Question 2

major endocrine organs

Answer 2

thyroid
parathyroid
adrenal gland
pancreas
gonads
pineal gland
thymus gland

Question 3

other hormone producing structures

Answer 3

heart
gastrointestinal tract
placenta
kidneys
skin
adipose

Question 4

pituitary gland

Answer 4

split into neurohypophysis (posterior) and adenohypophysis (anterior)

Question 5

neurohypophysis

Answer 5

oxytocin - birth and milk
ADH (antidiuretic) - water retention

Question 6

adenohypophysis

Answer 6

GH growth hormone - stimulates target cells for mitosis
TSH - stimulates thyroid (normal activity)
adrenocorticotropic (ACTH) - stimulate adrenal cortex
FSH and LH follicle stimulating and luteinizing - progesterone and estrogen in women, testosterone in men
PRL prolactin - stimulates milk in women

Question 7

thyroid

Answer 7

follicle cells make TH -T4 thyroixine and T3 triiodothyronine, glucose oxidation, increasing metabolic rate, heat production
parafollicle cells make calcitonin - antagonist to PTH (lowers blood Ca levels)

Question 8

parathyroid

Answer 8

tiny glands embedded in thyroid
PTH parathyroid hormone - increases Ca levels

Question 9

adrenal gland

Answer 9

adrenal medulla - part sns, epinephrine (heart and metabolic) norepinephrine (vasoconstriction and BP)
adrenal cortex:
- zona glomerulosa - mineralcorticoids (aldosterone, sodium)
- zona fasciculata - glucocorticoids (cortisol, stress)
- zone reticularis - gonadocorticoids (androgens, puberty)

Question 10

pancreas

Answer 10

acinar cells produce enzyme rich juice for digestion
α cells - produce glucagon (breaks down stored glucose for blood)
β cells - produce insulin (blood glucose levels down)

Question 11

diabetes mellitus

Answer 11

polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia
hyposecretion or hypoactivity of insulin

Question 12

gonads

Answer 12

maturation of reproductive organs and secondary sex characteristics
female - estrogen and progesterone, breast development and cyclic changes
male - testosterone, necessary for sperm production

Question 13

pineal gland

Answer 13

melatonin
day and night cycles, physiological processes that show rhythmic variation

Question 14

thymus gland

Answer 14

hormones essential for development of T lymphocytes of immune system

Question 15

heart

Answer 15

atrial natiuretic peptide (ANP)

Question 16

gastrointestinal tract

Answer 16

local acting digestive hormones

Question 17

placenta

Answer 17

releases hormones that influence pregnancy

Question 18

kidneys

Answer 18

erythropoietin - production of RBC

Question 19

skin

Answer 19

cholecalciferal - precursor to vit D

Question 20

adipose connective tissue

Answer 20

leptin, sensation of satiety