Organization of the Human Body

Question 1

Define tissue, organ and system.

Answer 1

Tissue is a group of cells with similar structure and function. An organ is formed by groups of tissue working together to perform specific functions. A system is a collection of organs and other body parts that work together to carry out one of the body’s major functions.

Question 2

Distinguish different types of tissue.

Answer 2

Epithellial (covers external and internal structures that form glands)
Connective (provides structure and support to body and helps hold organs in place)
Muscle (Contracts to allow body to move)
Nervous (Carries messages to direct activities)

Question 3

Identify organs

Answer 3

Brain, Liver, Lungs, Intestines, Heart, Kidney

Question 4

Organize levels of body’s structure

Answer 4

Molecules, Cells, Tissue, Organs, Organ System, Organism

Question 5

Examples of major body functions

Answer 5

Integumentary, Skeletal, Digestive, Muscular, Cardiovascular, Urinary, Nervous, Lymphatic, Endocrine, Sensory, Respiratory, Reproductive

Question 6

Define Anatomy

Answer 6

Study of body structure (dissection)

Question 7

Define Physiology

Answer 7

Study of body function

Question 8

Define Pathology

Answer 8

Study of disease

Question 9

Body System that helps with protection, support and movement

Answer 9

Integumentary, Skeletal, Muscular

Question 10

Body System that helps with coordination and control

Answer 10

Nervous, Endocrine

Question 11

Body System that helps with circulation and immunity

Answer 11

Cardiovascular, Lymphatic

Question 12

Body System that helps with energy supply and fluid balance

Answer 12

Respiratory, Digestive, Urinary

Question 13

Body System that helps with offspring

Answer 13

Reproductive

Question 14

Function and components of Integumentary System

Answer 14

Protection, sensory perception, temperature regulation (skin, sweat glands, hair, nails)

Question 15

Function and components of Skeletal System

Answer 15

Support, protection, movement (bones, joints)

Question 16

Function and components of Muscular System

Answer 16

Movement, support, protection, generation of heat (skeletal muscle)

Question 17

Function and components of Nervous System

Answer 17

Sensory perception, coordination and control of responses, memory, language skills (brain, spinal cord, nerves)

Question 18

Function and components of Endocrine System

Answer 18

Secretion of hormones that regulate growth, metabolism, behavior, reproduction (endocrine glands)

Question 19

Function and components of Cardiovascular System

Answer 19

Supply of oxygen to tissues and removal of waste (heart, blood vessels)

Question 20

Function and components of Lymphatic System

Answer 20

Aid in circulation, immunity and transport of digested fats (lymphatic vessels, nodes)

Question 21

Function and components of Respiratory System

Answer 21

Ventilation of lungs and exchanges for oxygen carbon dioxide (lungs, breathing passages)

Question 22

Function and components of Digestive System

Answer 22

Food intake, absorption of nutrients into the circulation (stomach, intestine, liver, pancreas)

Question 23

Function and components of Urinary System

Answer 23

Elimination of soluble waste materials and water (kidneys, bladder, urethra)

Question 24

Function and components of Reproductive System

Answer 24

Production of offspring (sex glands, sperm, ovaries)

Question 25

Define Homeostasis and an example

Answer 25

A self-regulating process that maintains internal stability in the body, regulating variables such as body temp, volume of fluids, blood pressure, etc.

Question 26

Components of Negative Feedback

Answer 26

Sensor (measures the level of variable
Control Center (compares sensor inputs with set point
Effectors (increases/decreases activity to alter the level of regulated variable

Question 27

Example of Negative Feedback

Answer 27

The way a thermostat functions to regulate the set temperature in a room. Room temp falls below set temp, thermostat will send an electric signal to furnace to turn on to increase temp. Same when temp is too high, thermostat will send electric signal to furnace to turn off to drop to set temp.

Question 28

Explain the importance of barriers in the body and some examples

Answer 28

Barriers maintain distinctive environments such as the plasma membrane separating the the intercellular and extracellular fluids, or skin/mucous membranes separating the inside of the body with the outside

Question 29

Define a gradient

Answer 29

A difference in a specific physical or chemical value between two areas such as pressure, temperature or concentration

Question 30

Explain the effect of resistance on flow down a gradient

Question 31

List and define the main directional terms of the body

Answer 31

Superior/Inferior
Anterior/Posterior (Ventral/Dorsa)
Cephalic/Caudal
Proximal/Distal
Medial/Lateral

Question 31

List and define the three main planes of the body

Answer 31

Sagittal Plane (Cuts your body into left and right)
Coronal Plane (Cuts your body into ventral and dorsal)
Transverse Plane (Cuts your body upper and lower)

Question 31

Name the subdivisions of the dorsal and ventral cavities

Answer 31

Dorsal cavities include cranial and vertebral
Ventral cavities include thoracic, abdominal and pelvic

Question 32

Name and locate the subdivisions of the abdomen

Answer 32

Right Hypochondriac Region (upper right)
Right Lumbar Region (middle right)
Right Iliac Region (lower right)
Epigastric Region (upper middle)
Umbilical Region (middle)
Hypogastric Region (lower middle)
Left Hypochondriac Region (upper left)
Left Lumbar Region (middle left)
Left Iliac Region (lower left)

Question 33

Cite some anterior and posterior body regions along with their common names

Answer 33

Anterior such as Cephalic (head), Pelvic (groin), Thoracic (chest)
Posterior such as Cervical (neck), Lumbar (back)

Question 34

Which system is composed of bones joints?

Answer 34

Skeletal System