Class 2 - Cognitive Theories 2

Question 1

What do information-processing theorists use?

Answer 1

• use the computer as a model of human thinking with memory processes

Question 2

What is the information processing theory?

Answer 2

• information enters the mind (input), is transformed by mental programs (throughput), and is used to perform actions (output)

Question 3

In the information processing theory, memory is broken down into sub-processes of which 3 phases?

Answer 3

1. encoding
   - organizing info to be stored in memory
2. Storage - keeping info
3. Retrieval - getting info out of memory

Question 4

IPT diagram

Answer 4

Question 5

What is Vygotsky’s Sociocultural Theory?

Answer 5

• children’s learning of new cognitive skills is guided by an adult or a more skilled child who structures the child’s learning experience
• AKA SCAFFOLDING

Question 6

How do you create an appropriate scaffold?

Answer 6

• the parent must gain and keep the child’s attention, models the best strategy, and adapt a whole process to the child’s developmental level
  ie. teaching multiplication

Question 7

In Vygotsky’s theory, what is the zone of proximal develooment?

Answer 7

Signifies tasks that are too hard for the child to do alone, but that he can manage with guidance

Question 8

What is Bandura’s Social Learning Theory? (2)

Answer 8

• States that learning does not always require reinforcement
• sometimes we learn from watching others, aka OBSERVATIONAL LEARNING OR MODELLING

Question 9

In Bandura’s theory, What is reciprocal determinism? (3)

Answer 9

human development is based on:
1. Personal factors
- our own drive, desire to learn
2. Behavioural factors
- challenge myself, see what I can do
3. Environmental factors
- do it within the environment

Question 10

In Bandura’s theory, what is self-efficacy?

Answer 10

• belief in one’s own capacity to cause an intended event to occur or to perform a task

Question 11

Bandura’s theory concept map

Answer 11