Class 8 - Middle Childhood: ADHD

Question 1

What age is middle childhood?

Answer 1

6-12 years old

Question 2

1 in 10 Canadian populations may experience some kind of learning disability. What is a learning disability?

Answer 2

• a disorder in which a child has difficulty in attaining a specific academic skill, despite possessing average to above-average intelligence and is not primarily due to physical or sensory handicaps

Question 3

Give 3 examples of learning disabilities.

Answer 3

• dyslexia
• dysgraphia
• dyscalculia

Question 4

Why are learning disabilities different from intellectual abilities?

Answer 4

• intellectual abilities have a deficit in general or global mental abilities

Question 5

Learning disabilities are life long and range in severity. What are some interventions to help with them? (4)

Answer 5

• Require early identification
• Timely, specialized assessments
• Involve home, school, community and workplace
• Include the provision of specific skill instruction, accommodations, compensatory strategies, and self-advocacy skills

Question 6

What are some assessment screening tests for learning disabilities? (4)

Answer 6

1. Early language milestones scales (ELM Scal-2)
2. Modified checklist for autism in toddlers (M-CHAT-R)
3. Ages and stages questionaire (ASQ)
4. Parents’ Evaluation of developmental checklist (PED)

Question 7

What percentage of children and adolescents experience mental health problems? (2)

Answer 7

1/5 children and adolescents in Canada suffer from major mental illness
- 80% adults with mental illness experienced problems in childhood adolescence

Question 8

What percentage of Canadian boys and girls aged 6-9 have ADHD?

Answer 8

• 3.7% boys
• 1.5% girls

Question 9

What can ADHD lead to in school?

Answer 9

academic and behavioural problems

Question 10

What is the etiology of ADHD? (2)

Answer 10

• A complex interaction of genetic and environmental factors that are unique to the specific child
• Environmental risk factors

Question 11

What are the characteristics of ADHD? (3)

Answer 11

Compared to their peers:
- Higher activity level
- Lower ability to sustain attention
- Lower ability to control impulses (interrupting, walking away, anxiety levels)

Question 12

What are the 3 types of ADHD?

Answer 12

1. Hyperactive-impulsive type
2. The inattentive type
3. The combined type

Question 13

What is the treatment for ADHD? (3)

Answer 13

• parent training and support
• child behavioural modification
• Stimulant medication on a case by case basis

Parenting may become permissive or authoritarian (harsher discipline, lack of warmth+empathy)