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AP Biology > Cell Organization & Structure > Flashcards

Cell Organization & Structure Flashcards

1
Q

What are the main differences between Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes?

A

Prokaryotes do not have a nucleus but have a nuclear region
Prokaryotes- circular DNA
Eukaryotes- linear DNA
Prokaryotes have no membrane bound organelles
prokaryotes only have free floating ribosomes

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2
Q

What are the 4 basic organelles a cell needs?

A

Nuclear region
ribosomes
cell membrane
cytosol

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3
Q

What are the 3 domains of prokaryotes and eukaryotes?

A

Bacteria, Arachae= prokaryotes
Eukaryara

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4
Q

What are the 4 kingdoms of eukarya?

A

Animals, plants, fungi and protists

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5
Q

Describe Plasma/Cell membrane

A

a phospholipid bilayer

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6
Q

Description of different types of cell walls in plants, fungi, and bacteria

A

Plant Cell wall- cellulose
Fungal Cell wall- chitin
Bacterial Cell wall- peptidoglycan

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7
Q

Description of Structure and Function Nucleus

A

Had instructions, DNA on how to create proteins

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8
Q

Description of Structure and Function- Nucleolus

A

inside the nucleus, the largest structure
synthesis of ribosomes

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9
Q

Description of Structure and Function- ribosomes

A

Synthesize proteins according to mRNA sequences
made of rRNA and proteins

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10
Q

Description of Structure and Function- RER

A

a network of membrane tubes in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells
has ribosomes attached to the membranes
-compartmentalizes the cell
packages the new proteins for export of the cell

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11
Q

Description of Structure and Function- SER

A

detoxification and lipid synthesis
network of membrane tubes within the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells that do not have ribosomes

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12
Q

Description of Structure and Function- golgi apparatus

A

flatted membrane sacs in eukaryotic cells
-involved in the process of correctly folding and chemical modification of newly synthesized proteins and packaging for protein trafficking
- has vesicles that are membrane bound that move things around the cell

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13
Q

Description of Structure and Function- mitochondria

A

has a double membrane
outer membrane- smooth
inner membrane- folds cristae (convoluted)
-production of ATP energy for Eukaryotic cell work

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14
Q

Description of Structure and Function- chloroplast

what eukaryotic cells are they found in?

A
  • found in eukaryotic cells- photosynthetic algae and plants
  • double outer membrane
    -captures energy from the sun and produces sugar for the organism through photosynthesis
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15
Q

Description of Structure and Function-lysosome

A

membrane closed sacs that contain hydrolytic enzymes- found in some eukaryotic cells
-hydrolytic enzymes- digest cell parts of macromolecules

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16
Q

Description of Structure and Function-vacuoles

A

membrane bound sacs in eukaryotic cells
can store water and macromolecules and release waste from a cell

17
Q

What are the structures in the choloroplast?

A

granum, stroma,lumen, thylakoids, inner membrane and outer membrane

18
Q

Describe the thylakoid

A

grana- highly folded membrane compartment in stacks
-membrane contain chlorophyll pigments that comprise photosystems and electron transport proteins b/w photosystems in thylakoid membrane
light dependent reactions occur here
folding of the membrane= increased efficiency

19
Q

Describe the stroma

A

fluid between inner membrane and thylakoids
carbon- fixation cycles (Calvin- Benson cycle)

20
Q

Describe the mitochondria

A

double membranes allow different metabolic reactions
get energy from macromolecules
- kreb cycle (citric acid cycle) occurs in the matrix
electron transport and atp synthesis occur in the inner mitochondrial membrane
folding of inner membrane- increased SA- more ATP

21
Q

Describe vacuoles

A

storage, release of water, macromolecules, cellular waste products
plants- vacuoles- retention of water –> turgor pressure: water pushing against plasma membrane and cell wall

22
Q

Describe lysosomes

A

hydrolytic enzymes-intracellural digestion, recycling of organic materials, apoptosis (programmed cell death)

23
Q

Describe ER

A

provides mechanical support
intracellular transport
Rough ER- protein synthesis on ribosomes on the RER membrane

24
Q

What are some similarities between plant and animal cells?

A

Nuclear envelope
nuclear pores
nucleolus
rough er
smooth er
golgi apparutus
vacuoles
plasma membrane mitochondria

25
Q

What do plant cells have that animal cells don’t?

A

chloroplasts
cell wall
central vacuole

26
Q

What is chromatin?

A

composed of proteins, DNA and RNA

27
Q

Where are ribosome subunits produced?

A

In the nucleolus but come togethering in the cyoplasm

28
Q

What are ribosomes made out of?

A

rRNA and proteins

29
Q

what are the 2 types of ribosomes and where can you find them?

A

free floating- in the cytoplasm
attached- to the rough ER

30
Q

What are the three types of vacuoles?

A

food, contractile and central

31
Q

What type of vacuole does plants have?

A

central vacuole

32
Q

What type of vacuoles do animals?

A

contractile vacuole

33
Q

Which organelles have membranes?

A

nucleus ER, golgi, lysosomes, vacuoles, mitochondria, chloroplasts have membranes
ribosomes do not have membrane

34
Q

What are the destinations of free floating ribosomes

A

nucleus
mitochondria
chloroplasts
peroxosomes

35
Q

what are the destinations of attached ribosomes?

A

secreted out
lysosome
glycoprotein
ER Lumen
ER membrane
Plasma membrane

AP Biology (38 decks)

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