RM lecture 1

Question 1

Methodological triangulation

Answer 1

convergence of the findings of methodologically different studeis can lend credence to the theory pattern

Question 2

The principle of
______
is the process of testing a theory on the basis of multiple observations, and then drawing a general conclusion for all future observations

Answer 2

Induction

Question 3

on the other hand, _______ proposes that we should start out with theories that are able to be disproven.

Answer 3

Falsifiability

Question 4

The belief that beliefs come in degrees, and we can express the likelihood of future events on the basis of past knowledge is known as
_____
.

Answer 4

Bayesianism

Question 5

When we say that variables must be operational, what do we mean?

Answer 5

That they are defined explicitly so that they can be measured and expressed quantitatively or qualitatively

Question 6

A set of proposals that define, explain, organise and interrelate can be referred to as…

Answer 6

theory

Question 7

This word describes theoretical concepts which are constructed to express ideas or provide definitions for a phenomena…

Answer 7

construct

Question 8

A clear but tentative explanation for an observed phenomenon.

Answer 8

Hypothesis

Question 9

what is a confounding variable

Answer 9

A confounding variable is a specific type of extraneous variable that is related to both of the main variables that we are interested in.

Question 10

Content Validity

Answer 10

Does our test measure all aspects of the construct?

Question 11

Face Validity

Answer 11

Does it look like a good measure?

Question 12

Convergent Validity

Answer 12

Does the test correlate with measures of the same and related constructs?

Question 13

Criterion Validity

Answer 13

Is it in agreement with other measures of the same thing?

Question 14

Concurrent Validity

Answer 14

There is a high correlation between two measures of the same thing

Question 15

Predictive Validity

Answer 15

The scale has the ability to predict some other variable measuring a different construct

Question 16

Convergent Validity

Answer 16

Does the test correlate with measures of the same and related constructs?

Question 17

Divergent Validity

Answer 17

Is there a lack of correlation with measures of different and unrelated constructs?

Question 18

Over time the researcher becomes concerned that the judges are getting better at differentiating aggressive and non-aggressive behaviours. What threat to internal validity does this pose?

Answer 18

Instrumentation

Question 19

The researcher becomes concerned that the influence of the judges presence on the children’s behaviours changes over time (e.g. the children were more aware of the judges at the start of the 10 weeks than toward the end of the 10 weeks). What threat to internal validity does this pose?

Answer 19

Reactivity

Question 20

. Using previously reported methods, you collect a new dataset, but recruit a younger sample, and check that you reach the same conclusions as those reported previously.

what type of replication is this

Answer 20

conceptual replication

Question 21

Brad has designed a test to measure intelligence, however, he is concerned that scores on the test simply reflect the participant’s motivation. In other words, Brad is concerned about the instrument’s:

Answers:
a. accuracy
b. precision
c. validity
d. reliability

Answer 21

accuracy

validity

Question 22

He compares the results obtained using his questionnaire with results obtained using an established questionnaire of anxiety.
wahat type of validity

Answer 22

criterion

Question 23

He checks that his questionnaire asks about anxiety related to feeding issues AND sleeping issues.

what type of validity

Answer 23

Content

Question 24

Generally speaking, which broad research approach is likely to result in good external validity at the expense of internal validity?

Answer 24

qualitative

Question 25

You want to obtain a sample with an equal proportion of home and international students even though there are fewer international than home students in the population

Answer 25

stratified

Question 26

You have access to all members of the population of interest and you want to ensure that the results have population validity

Answer 26

random

Question 27

You need 200 participants and had hoped to recruit patients from a number of GP surgery’s, but have only received ethical approval to recruit from a single GP surgery with a patient list of 200

Answer 27

cluster

Question 28

instrumentation

Answer 28

changes in sensitivity or reliability of measurement insttruments during study

Question 29

parallel forms reliability

Answer 29

if we administer different forma of the same measure to pp, would we obtain the same results

diff versions helpful to eliminate memory effects as the qs are different

Question 30

replication research

Answer 30

research that checks whether using the same experimental methods produces the same results

Question 31

Reproduction research

Answer 31

research that checks whether using the same analyses and the same data produces the same results

Question 32

interval vs ratio data

Answer 32

both have equal increments but ratio data has a real zero point