dev wk 5

Question 1

perception:

Answer 1

process of organizing and interpreting sensory information abput the objects, events and spatial layout of our surrounding world

Question 2

sensation

Answer 2

refers to processing basic information from the external world by the sensory receptors in the sense organs and the brain

Question 3

preferential looking

Answer 3

involves showing two stimuli to an infant to see if the infant has a preference for one or the other

Question 4

habituation

Answer 4

involves repeatedly presenting an infant with a stimulus until the response declines (gets bored).
If a novel stimulus is presented and response increases, the researchers conclude the baby can discriminate between the two stimuli

Question 5

visual acuity

Answer 5

sharpness of visual discrimination

Question 6

The sharpness of infants’ visual discrimination develops so rapidly that it
approaches that of adults by age ___ months and reaches full adult acuity by
___years of age

Answer 6

8

6

Question 7

contrast sensitivity

Answer 7

(the ability to detect
differences in light and dark
areas)

Question 8

Very young infants (up to _______ months) prefer to look at
patterns of high visual
contrast because they have
poor contrast sensitivity because …

Answer 8

2 months

the cones
(light-receptors) of the eye,
which are concentrated in
the fovea (the central
region of the retina), differ
from adults’ in size, shape,
and spacing

(cone cells for colour)

Question 9

Very young infants have limited colour vision,
although by_______ to _____ of age their colour vision is
similar to that of adults’ (Kellman & Arterberry, 2006

Answer 9

2-3 months

Question 10

Scanning
One-month-olds (a) scan the
______of shapes, while
two-month-olds (b) scan
both the ________of shapes (Maurer
& Salapatek, 1976)

Answer 10

perimeters

perimeters and the
interiors

Question 11

Tracking
Although infants begin scanning the environment right away,
they cannot track even slowly moving objects smoothly until
___ to____ of age (Aslin, 1981)

Answer 11

2 to 3 months

Question 12

From birth, infants are drawn to faces
because of a general bias toward
….

Answer 12

configurations with more elements in the
upper half than in the lower half

Question 13

Two-month-old infants can analyze and integrate
separate elements of a visual display into a coherent
pattern
– When you look at this figure, you
no doubt see a square—what is
called a subjective contour,
because it does not actually exist
– __________ olds also see the
overall pattern here and detect
the illusory square (Bertenthal et
al., 1980)

Answer 13

Seven-month-olds

Question 14

Infants (as young as ___ month) ___ to optical expansion, a
depth cue in which an object
occludes increasingly more of the
background, indicating that the
object is approaching

Answer 14

1 month
respond

Question 15

Despite the fact that even
newborns can recognize twodimensional versions of threedimensional objects, children
must come to understand their
symbolic nature
* Before they reach about ________ age and have
substantial experience with
pictures, infants and toddlers
attempt to treat pictures as
though they were real objects
(DeLoache et al, 1998)

Answer 15

19
months of age

eat picture of cake

Question 16

Although the human auditory system
is relatively well developed at birth,
hearing does not approach adult
levels until age___ or ___

Answer 16

5 or 6

Question 17

Infants respond to rhythm and temporal organisation in
music, … (evidence) … (Krumhansl & Jusczyk,
1990)

Answer 17

preferring music that had pauses between musical
phrases rather than in the middle

Question 18

Stereopsis

what is and when

Answer 18

– Process by which the
visual cortex combines
the differing neural
signals caused by
binocular disparity (the
slightly different signals
sent to the brain by the
two eyes)
– Emerges suddenly at
around 4 months of age
(Held et al., 1980)