WK 3 SOCIAL

Question 1

what are attitudes according to bohner and dickel 2011

what are 4 factors

Answer 1

Evaluation of an object of thought

-Not directly observable
-Multiple components
-Relatively consistent
-Different levels of awareness

Question 2

Tripartite model of attitudes

components

Answer 2

Affect- Emotional reaction

Cognition- Beliefs, thoughts

Behaviour- Reaction tendency

importance of considering what is observable and what is not

Question 3

Theory of Cognitive Dissonance (Festinger, 1954)

Answer 3

The function of attitudes is to reduce cognitive dissonance (i.e., a mismatch between thoughts and behaviour)

Cognitive dissonance can be a motivator for attitude change  thought or behaviour

Self-perception: People become aware of their attitudes by observing their behaviour

Question 4

Katz’s theory of attitudes (4 functions)

Answer 4

• Adaptive or instrumental
  Attainment or avoidance of goals

-Knowledge
explain and predict the environment

-Value expressive
one’s identity

-Ego defence
protecting from possible harms

Question 5

How are attitudes formed

Answer 5

-Classical conditioning
-operant conditioning
-Mere Exposure
-Imitation

Question 6

Mere Exposure (Bornstein, 1989; Zajonc, 1968)

Answer 6

Direct repeated experience often results in preference (i.e., compared to objects less often encountered).

Question 7

Imitation attitude foramtion

Answer 7

Copy of someone’s behaviour  More positive attitudes

Adank, Stewart, Connell, and Wood (2013)  Imitation of regional accents led to more positive attitudes toward the accent imitated

Question 8

Attitude change Elaboration Likelihood Model (Cacioppo & Petty, 1984; Petty & Wegener, 1999

2 routes

Answer 8

Central Route

Message elaboration; the path of cognitive processing that involves scrutiny of message content

Peripheral Route

Mental shortcut process that accepts or rejects a message based on irrelevant/superficial cues

Question 9

Elaboration Likelihood Model (Petty & Wegener, 1999)

Target Factors

Answer 9

Personal relevance (involvement) (e.g., Petty & Brinol, 2009)

Need for cognition (Cacioppo, Petty, Feinstein, & Jarvis, 1996)

Distraction

Prior knowledge

Personality traits (e.g., self-esteem)

Question 10

Elaboration Likelihood Model (Petty & Wegener, 1999)

message factors

Answer 10

Strong vs. weak arguments

Long arguments

Unilateral vs. bilateral arguments

Need for closure (Pierro et al., 2004)