Equine dentistry and imaging

Question 1

What does on the bit mean

Answer 1

Head carriage where head is lowered and bent inwards
= esp painful with dental pin

Question 2

What is a wolf tooth

Answer 2

A vestigial remnant of the 1st premolar

Question 3

How would we do an X ray of incisors

Answer 3

Rostrodorsal-caudoventral oblique for maxillary incisors

Rostroventral-caudodorsal oblique for mandibular incisors

Question 4

Which cheek teeth apices are in which maxillary sinus compartment

Answer 4

8 and 9 are in rostral maxillary sinus
10 and 11 are in caudal maxillary sinus

Question 5

What is the key view for looking at maxillary arcade tooth roots

Answer 5

Latero 30 degree dorsal lateroventral oblique

Question 6

What is the key view for looking at cheek teeth of mandibular arcade

Answer 6

Latero 35-45 degree ventral laterodorsal oblique

Question 7

What might we look for with a DV view of the sinuses

Answer 7

Any deviation of the medial septum due to soft tissue mass or severe unilateral sinusitis

Question 8

What does the latero 10-30* ventral laterodorsal open mouth oblique allow us to see more of vs the latero dorsal-lateroventral oblique

Answer 8

More of the clinical crown
Goes from inside the mouth, up and out
Can get lots of this information from looking inside the mouth with a mirror without X ray

Question 9

What is the function of the periodontal ligament

Answer 9

RElays vasculature to the tooth and supports the tooth to keep it stable during chewing

Question 10

What is unique to hypsodont periodontum?

Answer 10

Continuous production of peripheral cementum by cementoblasts

Question 11

What is a diastema

Answer 11

= pathological space between teeth

Question 12

Open vs valve diastema

Answer 12

If open then food can move in and out; don’t end up with rotten food from being stuck

Valve diastema have smaller diameter so food gets stuck and rots

Question 13

What is the most common cause of diastemata

Answer 13

Excessive transverse ridge on opposing tooth; i.e pointy; should rasp this

Question 14

4 point grading scale of periodontal disease

Answer 14

1 = local gingivitis with hyperaemia and oedema
2 = erosion of gingival margin
3 = periodontitis with gum retraction
4 = gross periodontal pocketing and alveolar bone destruction

Question 15

Which teeth are the only ones we ever really see traumatic fractures of

Answer 15

Incisors

Question 16

What is the usual underlying cause of cheek teeth fractures

Answer 16

Secondary to pulpar disease
Secondary to caries

Question 17

How can we assess whether pulp is walled off or not

Answer 17

Only with CT

Question 18

What is a common consequence of pulpar exposure after tooth fracture

Answer 18

Periapical infectino i.e tooth root abscess

Question 19

What is a key sign you get with tooth root abscess

Answer 19

Unilateral nasal discharge

Question 20

Radiological signs of tooth root abscess

Answer 20

Periapical sclerosis (loss of bone)
Periapical halo formation
Clubbing of tooth root apices
Widening of periodontal space
Loss of lamina dura

Question 21

What is dental drift

Answer 21

Movement of teeth; often after tooth loss
Can lead to diastema formation

Question 22

What rate do teeth erupt at if not opposed

Answer 22

4mm/year

Question 23

Where do we find infundibular caries

Answer 23

On occlusal surface of mazillary cheek teeth
Also maxillary incisors have 1 inundibulum

Question 24

How many pulp cavities do cheek teeth have

Answer 24

Between 5 and 9

Question 25

Where are peripheral caries more common

Answer 25

Caudal cheek teeth

Question 26

What would a mottling effect of incisor tooth roots on radiograph suggest

Answer 26

EOTRH

Question 27

What is EOTRH

Answer 27

• Equine odontoclastic tooth resorption and hypercemetosis;
  = age related; odontoclasts absorb tooth roots of incisors/canines and body responds by laying down cementum

Question 28

In what particular tooth extraction case would we not use a cheek tooth separator

Answer 28

Between 6 and 7 if extracting 7
–> can lead to accidentally removing 6

Question 29

What can we use mandibular nerve block for

Answer 29

Extractions of mandibular cheek teeth
Severe periodontal disease

Question 30

Why do we avoid doing a mandibular nerve block on both sides

Answer 30

Risk of chewing off tongue

Question 31

What does an infraorbital nerve block give desensitisation of

Answer 31

Nostrils and lip
+ 101-107 and 201-207 if injected LA into infraorbital canal

Question 32

What desensitisation does maxillary nerve block give

Answer 32

Upper arcade including incisors

Question 33

What technique can we use to do a maxillary nerve block more safely

Answer 33

Inject into peri-orbital fat bad

Question 34

What can a mental nerve block be used for

Answer 34

Lower incisor extraction
Stitch ups in that area
Blocks lower lip and mandible up to 306 and 406 level

Question 35

What might we suspect if tissue not granulating properly a few days after tooth removal

Answer 35

Some fragments are retained

Question 36

When should we pack socket with manuka honey after tooth removal

Answer 36

If 5cm or deeper

Question 37

What age do wolf teeth erupt

Answer 37

6-18 months old

Question 38

What arcade are wolf teeth typically found in

Answer 38

Maxillary
(v rare to have mandibular; maybe in some standardbreeds)

Question 39

How do we categorise wolf teeth removal in terms of act of veterinary surgery etc

Answer 39

If erupted and non-displaced then = cat 2 so EDTs can do under supervision

If non-erupted or displaced then = cat 3 (incising into votal tissue) so only vets can do

Question 40

What structure do we need to be careful of when removing wolf teeth

Answer 40

Palatine artery

Question 41

Where do fractures occur on maxillary vs mandibular cheek teeth

Answer 41

Maxillary: midline saggital along infundibulum line
Mandibular: buccal saggital fracture

Question 42

What is the first tooth to wear in and out

Answer 42

First molar i.e 9