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Michaelmas 5th year > EQuine Surery ECC ec > Flashcards

EQuine Surery ECC ec Flashcards

1
Q

Which COX is more involved in inflammation

A

COX2

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2
Q

Side effects of NSAID use in horses

A

Must sign them out the food chain
Risk of gastric ulceration via prostaglanin downregulation
Right dorsal colitis

Hepatic metabolism; risk ifcompromised
Renal papillary necrosis

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3
Q

What type of opioid receptors do horses mostly have

A

Mui

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4
Q

What opioids are full mui agnoists and give best analgesia

A

Morphine
MEtadone
Fentany

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5
Q

What opioid receptors does butorphanol work on

A

Mui ANTAGONIST
Kappa agonist

Therefore poor analgesic
Mostly for sedation

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6
Q

Why is buprenorphine rarely used and what kind of agonist is it

A

Partial mui agonist
Expensive

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7
Q

What side effects can opioids give

A

Decreased GI motility
Box wlking, hyperactivity
Respiratory depression

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8
Q

When might we avoid giving paracetmol

A

Severe liver issues; can causes hepatopathy

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9
Q

How does paracetamol work

A

Weak inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis
Some cox 2 inhiition

Pain killer NOT anti-inflammatory

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10
Q

How does ketamine work

A

Dissociative analgesia
NMDA receptor antagonism

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11
Q

What extra-pyramidal effects can lidocaine cause

A

Box walking
UNcontrollable motor activity

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12
Q

What type of killing does Trimethorprim sulphonadmie case

A

Time dependent

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13
Q

How does TMPS work

A

Trimethoprim inhibits folate syntehsis
Sulphonamides inhbiits folic acid syntehtis

Together they are synergistic and bacteriocidal

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14
Q

When would we NOT use TMPS

A

Pus
Nectoric tissue

Not concurrently with alpha 2 agonits due to seizure risk

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15
Q

How does penicillin work and what ttype of killing

A

Time dependent
INhibition of cell wall synthesis

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16
Q

How often do we give time dependent killing drugs

A

Twice per day

17
Q

How do aminoglycoside antibioitcs work

A

Inhibiti polypeptide syntehsis
Good for gram -ve aerobes

18
Q

What type of killing do aminoglycosides do

A

Concentratino dependent; so just give once per day

19
Q

What side effects can aminoglycosides cause

A

Neuromuscular blockage
Nephrotixicity

20
Q

What can we never do with procaine penicillin

A

Give it IV
– Causes seizures and death

21
Q

How does metronidazole work and what are some side effects

A

DNA damage and inhibition of repair
Narrow spectrum for anaermobes

Can cause anorexia due to bad taste, colitis, neuro signs, teratogenic

22
Q

What drug is good for cholangiohepatitis

A

Tetracyclines due to enterohepatic recycling

23
Q

How do tetracyclines work and how often do we give

A

Protein synthesis inhibition
Concentratino dependent killing but give bid as an exception

24
Q

How do fluoroquinolones work and what are they used for

A

Inhibition of DNA gyrase
Narrow spectrum for gram -ve aerobes e.g enteric infection

Concetration dependent killin

25
Q

How do cephalosporins work

A

Time depenent killing
INhibitinon of cell wall cyntehsis

26
Q

How long do different alpha 2 agonists last

A

Xylazine 20 mins
Detomidine 40 mins
Romifidine 60 mins

27
Q

What is a grade 1 rectal tear

A

Disruption of mucosa and submucosa

Leaves muscularis and serosa intact

28
Q

What is a grade 2 rectal tear

A

Dsiruption of muscularis

Leaves others all in tact; musocal submucosa, serosa

29
Q

What is a grade IIIA rectal tear

A

Disrupted mucosa, submusoa and muscularis

Only thin serosa remains

30
Q

What is a grade IIIb rectal tear

A

Disrupted mucosa, submucosa, mscularis and seroa but in the dorsal region so mesocolon remains

31
Q

What is a grade IV rectal tear

A

All layers torn; direct communication with peritoneal cavity

32
Q

What are the layers of the rectum

A

Mucosa, submucosa, muscularis, serosa + dorsally have mesocolon

33
Q

Treting a grade 1 or 2 rectal tear

A

TMPS if grade 1
Doxycycling if 1 or 2
NSAIDs
Faecal softeners e.g mineral oil
Soaked sugar beet/soaked grass diet AVOID DRY HAY
Minimise movement

34
Q

How to confirm death

A

Lack of heartbeat
Lack of corneal refle
Lack of respiration

35
Q

Signs of successful captive bolt

A

Collapse
No rhythmic breathing
Fixed glazed expression
No corneal reflex
Tongue hanging out

Then must pith

36
Q

Where do we shoot a horse with free bullet

A

2 cm proximal to cross over of lines between ear and contralateral eye

37
Q

Which antibiotics do time dependent killing

A

Cephalosporins
trimethoprim sulphonamide

penicillin

38
Q

What drug is used for lethal injection

A

secobarbital sodium

39
Q

What antibiotics should never be given IV

A

Procaine penicillin
DOxycycline

Michaelmas 5th year (41 decks)

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