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Michaelmas 5th year > Equine dermatology > Flashcards

Equine dermatology Flashcards

1
Q

What are tap strips useful for identifying

A

Lice, oxyurid eggs
(may use for mites but they are often deeper)

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2
Q

What do we need to remember to do in weeks before taking a skin biopsy

A

Discontinue any anti-inflammatories as they can affect. the histopathology of the lesions

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3
Q

How might we take a different approach with biopsying the coronary band

A

Use a shave biopsy rather than full skin thickness to avoid changing the hoof growth
Or could sample from other spots e.g chestnuts often similarly affected

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4
Q

Two types of lice that are important in horses

A

Damalinia equi = biting louse
Haematopinus asini = sucking louse

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5
Q

Treatment of lice in horses

A

Permethrin or cypermethrin twice, two weeks apart

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6
Q

Which mite species that affect horses are zoonotic

A

Sarcoptic scabei
Tombicula (= chiggers/harvest mite)

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7
Q

Which mite typically affects the legs esp in feathered breeds

A

Chorioptes equi
= ‘feather mite’

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8
Q

Mite lesions on body is suggestive of which mite species

A

Psoroptes equi

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9
Q

Mite lesions on head is suggestive of which mite species

A

Sarcoptes scabei

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10
Q

Treatment of chorioptes
mites

A

CLipping feathers before doing topical fipronil spray
Injectable doramectin subcut twice, 2 weeks apart

Selenium shampoo washing

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11
Q

Mite lesions on legs/face/muzzle/ventral abdomen is indicative of which species

A

Trombicula

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12
Q

What is oxyuris equi and what are the signs and treatment

A

Pinworm
Gravid females in the GI tract stick eggs to the perineal skin causing itching, tail rubbing and self-trauma of rump

Treat with ivermectin/moxidection (if resistant to this go for pyrantel/fenbendazole)

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13
Q

What are ‘summer sores’

A

Nodular, ulcerated skin lesions around muco-cutaenous junctions caused by Habronema L3 larvae

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14
Q

How can we diagnose habronemiasis

A

Can do impression smear to look for L3 s
Gold standard is histopath; often taken to differentiate from sarcoids (a tumour)

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15
Q

What is onchocerciasis

A

Itchy skin due to onchocerca cercicalis microfilaria
= vector born nematode spread by culicoides

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16
Q

Life cycle of onchocerca cervicalis

A

Adults live in nuchal ligament and produce microfilaria
Microfilaria migrate to the skin
Get ingested by culicoides midges and transform into L3 larvae
Midges bite horse and deposit L3 larvae into bloodstream; migrate to nuchal lig as adults

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17
Q

Treatment of onchocerciasis

A

Ivermectin or moxidectin

18
Q

What are aural plaques

A

Growths in pinna of ears due to papillomaviruses
These are progressive and don’t spontaneously regress

19
Q

Which horses do we typically see warts from papillomaviruses in and how do we deal with them

A

Young horses 6 months - 4 years
Typically they spontaneously regress so leave alone

20
Q

Which species cause ringworm in horses+ how to treat

A

Trichophyton (equinum, verrucosum) and microsporum (gypseum, equinum)
Identify which one via qPCR
Treat with topical enilconazole washes

21
Q

What is cellulitis and which organisms typically cause it

A

Bacterial infection of the subcut tissue or deep dermis
Typically due to staphs or may be streps secondary to wound/puncture injury

Usually distal limb; can present with severe lameness

22
Q

What infection can cause ‘paintbrush crusts’ of skin

A

Dermatophilus congolensis
= branching gram +ve facultative anaerobe

23
Q

What would branching filaments of parallel cocci rows tell you was causing the skin issue

A

Dermatophilus congolensis

24
Q

What is mud fever

A

PAstern dermatitis; syndrome with lots of potential causes

25
Q

Treated staphylococcal pyoderma

A

Systemic antimicrobials can use flamazine topically too

26
Q

What is urticaria

A

Hives
i.e raised circular wheals due to type 1 immune reaction

27
Q

What are possible causes of urticaria

A

Immunological i.e insect bites, allergens in environment, food allergies, drugs

Non-immunological e.g cold/heat exposure, intense exercise, dermatographism

28
Q

Treating urticaria in horses

A

Steroids if severe; do IV if extreme due to risk of resp tract obstruction

29
Q

What is sweet itch

A

Insect bite hypersensitivity (culicoides midges)
= type 1 hypersensitivity
esp in icelandic ponies, shetland, welsh ponies

30
Q

Should we advise against breeding a horse with sweet itch

A

Yes - there is a genetic ocmponent

31
Q

What does atopy mean

A

Itchy skin disease due to cumulative allergens exceeding a pruritic threshold

32
Q

What must we do before carrying out intradernal skin testing

A

Stop any medicated esp steroids for 2 weeks or so before testing

33
Q

What are eosinophilic granulomas

A

Firm nodules of collagen degeneration below the skin with unknown aetiology

34
Q

What is pemphigus foliaceus

A

Rare life threatning disease where the body forms auto-antibdies against keratinocyte proteins
Get pustules and blisters, itching, alopecia

Need steroids for life

35
Q

Which breeds is chronic progressive lymphoedema seen mostly in

A

Heavy horse breeds e.g shites, clydesdales, freisians, cobs

36
Q

How does chronic progressive lymphoedema work

A

Altered lymphatic function and elastin metabolism
cause progressive distal limb swelling and hypereratosis then get skin fold dermatitis, secondary infections etc
= welfare issue

37
Q

Type 1 vs Type 2 photosensitisation

A

1 = primary due ot ingestion of photodynamic agents
2 = hepatogenous; due to liver disease preventing excretion of phylloerythrin (from chlorophyll)

38
Q

What could cause liver disease and hepatogenous photosensitisation

A

Cholestasis
Mycotoxin ingestion
Ragwort ingestion

39
Q

What plant classically causes type 1 photosensitisation

A

St John’s wort

40
Q

Are antihistamines useful in horses

A

Not really
Need high doses for an effect and then they get very drowsy

41
Q

Where do we classically see sweet itch lesions in the UK and which syndrome is this

A

Syndrome 1; dorsal lesions esp on mane and tail head

42
Q
A

Michaelmas 5th year (41 decks)

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