Exam 4: Ch 26 Reproductive System

Question 1

Primary sex organs (Gonads) functions

Answer 1

Both produce gametes and secrete sex hormones
Males: testes
females: ovaries

Question 2

Secondary sex Organs in females

Answer 2

uterine tubes, uterus, and vagina

Question 3

secondary sex organs in males

Answer 3

spermatic duct system: (epididymis, ductus deferens, ejaculatory duct, and urethra)
accessory sex glands: ( seminal vesicles, prostate, and bulbourethral glands)

Question 4

What classifies a secondary sex organ

Answer 4

any organ required for reproduction besides the primary sex organs

Question 5

What are testes

Answer 5

primary sex organ that secretes testosterone and is the site of spermatogenesis

Question 6

Where do testes develop

Answer 6

abdominal cavity

Question 7

When do testes descend into scrotum

Answer 7

2 months before birth

Question 8

What is the scrotum

Answer 8

external pouch, divided into left and right pouches by median septum which helps prevent infection

Question 9

What divides the right and left compartments of the scrotum

Answer 9

median septum

Question 10

Perineal raphe

Answer 10

external seam which marks the median septum

Question 11

Spermatic cord

Answer 11

nerves, blood and lymphatic vessels, fibrous connective tissue, and ductus deferens

Question 11

What pulls the testes closer to body when cold

Answer 11

Cremaster muscle and Dartos muscle

Question 12

What muscle contracts to pull the testes closer and is continuous with the internal oblique

Answer 12

Cremaster muscle

Question 13

What muscle contracts to pull the testes closer and wrinkles the scrotum

Answer 13

Dartos muscle

Question 14

Testicular venous plexus that surrounds testicular artery and spermatic cord and acts as a counter-current heat exchange

Answer 14

Pampiniform plexus

Question 15

Outpocket of peritoneum of testes and forms during descent of testes

Answer 15

Tunica vaginalis

Question 16

Dense, white fibrous capsule deep to the tunica vaginalis and divides the testes into 200 to 300 lobules

Answer 16

Tunica albuginea

Question 17

Thickened posterior region of this forms the mediastinum testis

Answer 17

tunica albuginea

Question 18

site of spermatogenesis within the testes. 2 to 3 highly coiled seminiferous tubules located in each lobule

Answer 18

Seminiferous tubules

Question 19

Short tubules that transport sperm from the seminiferous tubules to the efferent ducts. located in the mediastinum testis

Answer 19

rate testes

Question 20

short tubules that transport sperm from the posterior surface of the testes to the epididymis. Epithelium contains ciliated cells

Answer 20

Efferent ductules

Question 21

Located of the posterior surface of the testes. Sperm storage and maturation site. Defective sperm are absorbed here.

Answer 21

Epididymis

Question 22

What are the regions of the epididymis

Answer 22

3
Head, body, tail

Question 23

This organ functions in rapid sperm transport during ejaculation. Uses smooth muscle contractions

Answer 23

Ductus deferens

Question 24

How long is the ductus deferens

Answer 24

45 cm

Question 25

Ampulla

Answer 25

dilated distal region of ductus deferens

Question 26

Formed by the union of the ductus deferens and seminal vesicle. functions in rapid sperm transport during ejaculation

Answer 26

Ejaculatory duct

Question 27

What does the ejaculatory duct pass through and empty into

Answer 27

passes through the prostate and empties into the urethra

Question 28

Length of urethra

Answer 28

20 cm

Question 29

What is the role of the urethra

Answer 29

rapid sperm transport during ejaculation

Question 30

What are the three regions of the urethra

Answer 30

Prostatic, membranous, and spongy (penile)

Question 31

How is urine prevented during ejaculation

Answer 31

contraction of the internal urethral sphincter

Question 32

What are the characteristics and functions of accessory sex glands in males

Answer 32

They add secretions to the male duct system and sperm do not pass through them

Question 33

How much volume does seminal vesicles add to semen

Answer 33

70%

Question 34

What glands secrete to the ejaculatory duct

Answer 34

seminal vesicles

Question 35

what glands secrete to the urethra

Answer 35

prostate and bulbourethral glands

Question 36

largest gland in males

Answer 36

prostate

Question 37

The prostate is a conglomeration of how many glands

Answer 37

30 to 50

Question 38

What is semen and its function

Answer 38

sperm and secretions of accessory glands. it prevents sperm from draining out of vagina. it liquifies in 20-30 minutes freeing the sperm

Question 39

sperm cell regions

Answer 39

head - nucleus midpiece - mitochondria tail - flagellum

Question 40

What is the penis and its sizes

Answer 40

Its the male copulatory organ. Flaccid 3-4 inches Erect 5-7 inches

Question 41

Internal region of penis

Answer 41

root

Question 42

visible external region of penis

Answer 42

shaft

Question 43

Expanded head at distal end. External urethral orifice at tip

Answer 43

Glans penis

Question 44

Skin covering the glans penis

Answer 44

Prepuce (foreskin)

Question 45

Blood sinuses that become engorged with blood during sexual excitement

Answer 45

Erectile tissue

Question 46

two columns of erectile tissue located on dorsal side of the penis surrounded by tunica albuginea

Answer 46

Corpora Cavernosa

Question 47

single column of erectile tissue located on ventral side of penis. Urethra passes through this tissue

Answer 47

Corpus Spongiosum

Question 48

What happens during erection in males

Answer 48

blood enters faster than it can leave blood flow increases erectile tissue fills with blood pressure in C. cavernosa is higher than C. spongiosum

Question 49

Pressure is higher in what compared to what during erection

Answer 49

pressure is higher in Corpora Cavernosa compared to Corpus Spongiosum

Question 50

What happens during ejaculation

Answer 50

2 phases occur 1. Emission: muscle contractions in deferens move sperm from the tail of the epididymis into the urethra 2. contraction of bulbospongiosus muscle expels semen out of urethra

Question 51

Ovary

Answer 51

primary sex organ for ova production and hormone secretion. located in ovarian fossa

Question 52

attaches lateral portion of the uterus to lateral walls of the pelvic cavity

Answer 52

broad ligament

Question 53

double layer of peritoneum that folds over uterine tubes and ovaries covering them anteriorly and posteriorly

Answer 53

broad ligament

Question 54

subdivisions of the broad ligament

Answer 54

mesometrium, mesophalynx, and mesovarian

Question 55

attaches medial pole of ovary to the uterus

Answer 55

ovarian ligament

Question 56

attaches lateral pole of ovary to the pelvic wall

Answer 56

suspensory ligament

Question 57

peritoneal fold anchoring anterior margin of ovary to pelvic wall

Answer 57

mesovarium

Question 58

germinal epithelium

Answer 58

cuboidal epithelium covering surface of ovary

Question 59

connective tissue capsule deep to the germinal epithelium

Answer 59

tunica albuginea

Question 60

Inner zone of fibrous connective tissue in ovary and contains blood vessels. lymphatic vessels, and nerves

Answer 60

Ovarian medula

Question 61

Outer region of ovary containing ovarian follicles in various stages of development and is the connective tissue framework (stroma)

Answer 61

Ovarian Cortex

Question 62

What is the Stroma

Answer 62

connective tissue framework, Ovarian Cortex

Question 63

Ovum(egg) surrounded by follicular cells and secrete estrogen and progesterone

Answer 63

Ovarian Follicle

Question 64

mature follicle. ruptures ovarian wall. Ovum released into pelvic cavity

Answer 64

Graafian follicle

Question 65

What are uterine tubes and where are they

Answer 65

Muscular tubes lined with ciliated cells and peg cells. They overhang and but do not connect to ovaries and are enclosed in the mesophalynx (upper broad ligament)

Question 66

What are peg cells for

Answer 66

their secretion is nutrients for gametes

Question 67

Regions of the Uterine tubes

Answer 67

1. Infundibulum: Distal region that overhang the ovary. Equipped with fimbriae - finger like projections with ciliated cells 2. Ampulla: fertilization occurs here 3. Isthmus: narrow region that connects to the uterus

Question 68

Pear shaped organ and site of implantation of fertilized egg

Answer 68

Uterus

Question 69

ligaments of the uterus and functions

Answer 69

1. mesometrium - part of broad ligament 2. Uterosacral ligaments - attach posterior surface to sacrum 3. round ligaments - extend from anterior surface through inguinal canal terminating in labia majora 4. cardinal ligament - supports cervix and superior part of the vagina

Question 70

Regions of the Uterus

Answer 70

Fundus: superior rounded region Body: broad region; uterine tubes open here Cervix: Inferior region that partially projects into the vagina

Question 71

Parts of the cervix

Answer 71

Internal Os: superior opening External Os: inferior opening Cervical glands: secrete mucus: prevents microbes

Question 72

Layers of Uterine Wall

Answer 72

1. Endometrium: inner 2. Myometrium: middle: smooth muscle 3. Perimetrium: external: Serosa

Question 73

Zones of the Uterine Wall

Answer 73

Functional Layer: implantation occurs here, the layer detaches and sloughs away during the menstrual cycle Basal Layer: remains intact during menstrual cycle. proliferation off this layer regenerates the functional layer

Question 74

Serves as a receptable for the penis and as the birth canal

Answer 74

vagina

Question 75

Where is the urethra in the vagina

Answer 75

it is bound to the anterior wall

Question 76

Layers of vaginal wall

Answer 76

Mucosa: inner ; lined by stratified squamous epithelium after puberty Muscularis: 2 layers of smooth muscle Adventitia: outer layer

Question 77

transverse ridges at the lower end of vagina

Answer 77

Vaginal rugae

Question 78

inward mucosal folds forming membrane in vagina

Answer 78

Hymen

Question 79

External female gentalia

Answer 79

Vulva

Question 80

Occupies most of the perineum in females

Answer 80

Vulva

Question 81

Skin with pubic hair covering a mound of adipose tissue above the pubic symphysis

Answer 81

Mons pubis

Question 82

Large skin folds inferior to the mons pubis. Homologous to the scrotum

Answer 82

Labia majora

Question 83

Small skin folds medial to the labia majora. Meet at anterior margin to form prepuce over clitoris.

Answer 83

Labia minora

Question 84

Homologous to the penis. Pair of corpora cavernosa enclosed in connective tissue

Answer 84

Clitoris

Question 85

Homologous to bulbourethral glands of male. located next to vagina. pea sized mucus glands

Answer 85

Bartholin Glands

Question 86

Homologous to prostate. Mucus glands.

Answer 86

Skene's Glands