Exam 4: Ch 24 Digestive System

Question 1

The digestive tract is how long

Answer 1

16 ft

Question 2

Functions of the digestive system

Answer 2

ingestion, digestion, absorption, transport, and defecation

Question 3

When is material ingested no longer foreign to the body

Answer 3

when it is absorbed

Question 4

Layers of the GI tract

Answer 4

1. Mucosa
2. submucosa
3. Muscularis Externa
4. Serosa or Adventitia

Question 5

Mucous membrane layer of the GI tract

Answer 5

Mucosa

Question 6

Areolar connective tissue, blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, etc in this layer of the GI tract

Answer 6

Submucosa

Question 7

Usually 2 layers of smooth muscle in GI tract

Answer 7

Muscularis Externa

Question 8

thin layer of areolar connective tissue covered by mesothelium (simple squamous epithelium) in GI tract

Answer 8

Serosa

Question 9

Fibrous connective tissue layer in GI tract

Answer 9

Adventitia

Question 10

Where is Serosa in the GI tract

Answer 10

Begins at the lower region of the esophagus and ends just before rectum

Question 11

Where is Adventitia in the GI tract

Answer 11

Pharynx, most of esophagus, and rectum

Question 12

What are the mesenteries

Answer 12

connective tissue sheets that maintain positions of abdominal organs and prevent twisting of small intestine. Nerves and blood vessels pass through it to serve the digestive organs

Question 13

serous membrane that lines the wall of abdominal cavity

Answer 13

parietal peritoneum

Question 14

2 layered membrane that extends to the organs of the digestive tract

Answer 14

posterior mesentery

Question 15

lesser omentum (mesentery)

Answer 15

extends from liver to the lesser curvature of stomach

Question 16

greater omentum (mesentery)

Answer 16

extends from greater curvature of stomach and loosely covers small intestine

Question 17

Organ enclosed on both sides by mesentery (omenta) is described as

Answer 17

intraperitoneal

Question 18

Organ that lies against the posterior body wall with only one side covered by peritoneum

Answer 18

retroperitoneal

Question 19

The oral cavity starts and ends where and is lined by what

Answer 19

extends from oral fissure to fauces of oropharynx and is lined by stratified squamous epithelium

Question 20

Lip regions and descritions

Answer 20

1. Cutaneous region: same color as face; hair/ mustache
2. Vermillion region: red area; hairless region where lips meet
3. Labial mucosa: inner surface that faces gums and teeth

Question 21

What attaches upper lip to gums and lower lip to gums

Answer 21

Superior labial frenulum and inferior labial frenulum

Question 22

What is the epithelium on tongue (same as oral cavity)

Answer 22

stratified squamous

Question 23

Body of tongue

Answer 23

Anterior 2/3 in oral cavity; lingual frenulum attaches body to floor of mouth

Question 24

root of tongue

Answer 24

Posterior 1/3 in oropharynx; contains lingual tonsils

Question 25

What are lingual papillae

Answer 25

surface projections on tongue

Question 26

Lingual papillae that are mushroom-shaped; contain taste buds on tongue

Answer 26

Fungiform papillae

Question 27

Lingual papillae that are cone-shaped; lack taste buds

Answer 27

Filiform papillae

Question 28

Lingual papillae that are vertical folds on sides of tongue; contain taste buds

Answer 28

Foliate papillae

Question 29

Lingual papillae that are anterior to sulcus terminalis; contain taste buds

Answer 29

Vallate papillae

Question 30

Lingual papillae that dont contain taste buds

Answer 30

Filiform papillae

Question 31

Separates the oral cavity from nasal cavity

Answer 31

Palate

Question 32

Projection from middle of soft palate

Answer 32

uvula

Question 33

Muscular arches; run from roof to floor; palatine tonsils in between these arches

Answer 33

Palatoglossal arch and palatopharyngeal arch

Question 34

This muscular arch signifies the beginning of the pharynx

Answer 34

palatopharyngeal arch

Question 35

This tooth shape serves to bite off food

Answer 35

Incisors

Question 36

This tooth shape serves to puncture, tear and shred food

Answer 36

Canines

Question 37

This tooth shape serves to crush and grind food

Answer 37

Premolars and Molars

Question 38

Bony socket in mandible or maxilla in which teeth are suspended

Answer 38

Alveolus

Question 39

Visible region of tooth above the gum

Answer 39

Crown

Question 40

Region of tooth in alveolus

Answer 40

root

Question 41

region with crown, root, and gum meet

Answer 41

neck

Question 42

located in crown and upper region of the root

Answer 42

pulp cavity

Question 43

located in lower region of the root

Answer 43

root canal

Question 44

Compound tubuloalveolar glands that secrete saliva

Answer 44

Salivary glands

Question 45

Functions of saliva secretion

Answer 45

- salivary amylase (carb digestion) - lipases (lipid digestion) - Antibacterial - Mucus: binds and lubricates food

Question 46

Extrinsic salivary gland located beneath the ear

Answer 46

Parotid

Question 47

Extrinsic salivary gland located under body of mandible

Answer 47

submandibular (submaxillary)

Question 48

Extrinsic salivary gland located under the tongue

Answer 48

Sublingual

Question 49

Funnel shaped organ that conducts food and air called the "throat"

Answer 49

Pharynx

Question 50

Straight, muscular tube that conducts bolus to stomach

Answer 50

Esophagus

Question 51

Where is the esophagus to the trachea

Answer 51

posterior to trachea

Question 52

Esophagus is lined by what

Answer 52

nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium and mucous glands in submucosa

Question 53

esophagus passes through this opening in the diaphragm

Answer 53

esophageal hiatus

Question 54

Ring of smooth muscle at the junction of esophagus and stomach to prevent regurgitation

Answer 54

Lower esophageal sphincter

Question 55

J shaped organ; Most dilated region of GI; where the chemical digestion of proteins begins

Answer 55

Stomach

Question 56

The stomach is lined by what epithelium

Answer 56

Mucus secreting simple columnar cells

Question 57

Temporary folds present in an empty stomach; allow for distension

Answer 57

Rugae

Question 58

Superior margin of stomach attached to lesser omentum

Answer 58

Lesser Curvature

Question 59

Inferior margin attached to the greater omentum

Answer 59

Greater Curvature

Question 60

The muscularis externa in the stomach is composed of three layers:

Answer 60

Inner oblique middle oblique outer longitudinal

Question 61

What happens to the bolus in the stomach

Answer 61

Becomes chyme: liquefied acidified food

Question 62

Cardia of stomach

Answer 62

short; joint esophagus

Question 63

Fundus of stomach

Answer 63

dome-shaped region

Question 64

Body of stomach

Answer 64

Bulk of stomach distal to cardia

Question 65

Pylorus of stomach

Answer 65

funnel-shaped distal region joining the duodenum

Question 66

pyloric sphincter of stomach

Answer 66

controls entry of chyme into small intestine

Question 67

Gastric glands are described as

Answer 67

simple coiled tubular glands

Question 68

Cell types found in the gastric glands

Answer 68

Mucous cells Parietal cells Chief cells Enteroendocrine cells Regenerative cells

Question 69

These cell types are found in gastric glands of primarily the upper 1/2 of stomach

Answer 69

Parietal cells and chief cells

Question 70

This cell types secretes HCl and gastric intrisic factor

Answer 70

Parietal cells

Question 71

This cell type secretes pepsinogen and gastric lipase

Answer 71

chief cell

Question 72

This cell type secretes hormones in gastric glands that regulate digestion

Answer 72

Enteroendocrine cell

Question 73

Primary site of chemical digestion and nutrient absorption

Answer 73

small intestine

Question 74

How long is the small intestine

Answer 74

5 m

Question 75

Initial segment of small intestine that receives chyme, bile, pancreatic enzymes, and bicarbonate ions

Answer 75

Duodenum

Question 76

bile duct and pancreatic duct opens here

Answer 76

Major duodenal papilla

Question 77

receives accessory pancreatic duct here

Answer 77

Minor duodenal papilla

Question 78

Most digestion and absorption in small intestine here

Answer 78

Jejunum

Question 79

Part of small intestine that joins cecum of large intestine

Answer 79

Ileum

Question 80

lmphatic nodules in wall of small intestine

Answer 80

Peyer Patches

Question 81

Junction of Ileum with Cecum

Answer 81

Ileocecal junction

Question 82

Sphincter formed by muscularis externa and regulates food entry into large intestine

Answer 82

Ileocecal valve

Question 83

3 Surface modifications that increase the surface area for absorption by several 100x in the small intestine.

Answer 83

1. Plicae Circulares 2. Villi (Villus) 3. Microvilli

Question 84

Circular folds of the mucosa and submucosa to increase surface area

Answer 84

Plicae Circulares

Question 85

Projections of the mucosa to increase surface area

Answer 85

Villi (Villus)

Question 86

Highly folded regions of the plasma membrane of enterocytes aka brush borfer

Answer 86

Microvilli

Question 87

Cells that line a villus and their functions

Answer 87

- Enterocytes: simple columnar epithelial cells; nutrient absorptive cells - Goblet cells: mucus secretion for movement of chyme

Question 88

Intestinal glands with enterocytes and goblet cells and paneth cells

Answer 88

Intestinal Crypts

Question 89

Size of the large intestine

Answer 89

5 ft x 1 in

Question 90

Primary function of large intestine

Answer 90

water and ion absorption

Question 91

Are surface modifications (plicae and villi) present

Answer 91

no

Question 92

Limited vitamin synthesis carried out by what in the large intestine

Answer 92

resident bacteria

Question 93

Epithelium in large intestine

Answer 93

simple columnar epithelium except in lower anal canal

Question 94

The 3 bands that divide the colon into 3 ribbons of muscle fascicles are called the

Answer 94

taeniae coli

Question 95

Initial segment of large intestine joins with ileum

Answer 95

Cecum

Question 96

where is the appendix located

Answer 96

Cecum of large intesine

Question 97

begins at the ileocecal valve. Passes up right side of abdominal cavity.

Answer 97

Ascending colon

Question 98

What follows the ascending colon

Answer 98

Right colic (hepatic) flexure: 90 right turn

Question 99

crosses abdominal horizontally

Answer 99

transverse colon

Question 100

turn following the transverse colon

Answer 100

Left colic (splenic) flexure

Question 101

Passes down left side of abdominal cavity

Answer 101

descending colon

Question 102

S shaped region of colon

Answer 102

Sigmoid colon

Question 103

Continuation of large intestine into pelvic cavity

Answer 103

Rectum

Question 104

mucosal folds that retain the feces

Answer 104

Transverse rectal folds

Question 105

Passes through pelvic floor. external opening is the anus

Answer 105

Anal Canal

Question 106

prevent seepage of fecal material

Answer 106

Anal Valves/sinuses

Question 107

Accessory Digestive Glands

Answer 107

Liver Pancreas Gallblader

Question 108

Largest gland in body

Answer 108

Liver

Question 109

Produces bile

Answer 109

Liver

Question 110

The liver receives nutrient rich blood from small intestine via

Answer 110

Porta hepatis