Chapters 12: Muscles of the Appendicular Skeleton

Question 1

protracts shoulder and rotates scapula and depresses apex of shoulder

Answer 1

pectoralis minor

Question 2

prime mover of forward reaching, throwing, and pushing actions; “boxer muscle”

Answer 2

serratus anterior

Question 3

stabilizes, raises, retracts, and rotates scapula

Answer 3

trapezius

Question 4

elevates adducts and rotates scapula

Answer 4

levator scapulae

Question 5

retracts scapula and brace shoulder

Answer 5

rhomboid major and minor

Question 6

prime mover of arm flexion; rotates arm medially, adducts arm

Answer 6

pectoralis major

Question 7

prime mover of arm extension; adduction and medial rotation at shoulder

Answer 7

latissimus dorsi

Question 8

prime mover of arm abduction

Answer 8

deltoid

Question 9

Rotator cuff

Answer 9

Supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, subscapularis; reinforces joint capsule and holds head of humerus in glenoid cavity

Question 10

initiates abduction of scapula, prevents downward dislocation of humerus

Answer 10

supraspinatus

Question 11

rotates humerus laterally, stabilizes shoulder

Answer 11

infraspinatus

Question 12

prevents humeral head from sliding upward as arm is abducted; medially rotates humerus

Answer 12

subscapularis

Question 13

prevents humeral head from sliding upward as arm is abducted; extends and laterally rotates humerus

Answer 13

teres minor

Question 14

prime mover of elbow flexion; origin ont of distal humerus; insertion coronoid process of ulna

Answer 14

brachialis

Question 15

flexes and supinates elbow; origin coracoid process of scapula and supraglenoid tubercle of humerus

Answer 15

biceps brachii

Question 16

extends elbow and adducts humerus

Answer 16

triceps brachii

Question 17

flexes elbow; on forearm

Answer 17

brachioradialis

Question 18

flexes, extends, abducts, and adducts the hand

Answer 18

extrinsic muscles

Question 19

finer movements in hand

Answer 19

intrinsic muacles

Question 20

major extensor of thigh; inactive while standing; elevates truck; prevents trunk pitching when running

Answer 20

gluteus maximus

Question 21

abducts and medially rotates thigh; steadies pelvis

Answer 21

gluteus medius

Question 22

abducts the femur; medially rotates the thigh; shifts weight

Answer 22

gluteus minimus

Question 23

Quadriceps femoris

Answer 23

4 heads: rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, vastus intermedius

Question 24

flexes knee and hip; abducts and rotates thigh laterally; cross legs; longest muscle in body

Answer 24

sartorius

Question 25

hamstrings

Answer 25

biceps femoris, semitendinosus, semimembranosus; flexes the joint that is not fixed/ (hamstring curls vs RDL); thigh extension and knee extension

Question 26

muscles that act on foot

Answer 26

crural muscles

Question 27

dorsiflexes and inverts foot, resists backward tipping of body; “toe tapper” site of shin splints

Answer 27

tibialis anterior

Question 28

plantar flexes foot; flexes knee; walking, running, jumping

Answer 28

gastrocnemius

Question 29

plantar flexes foot; steadies leg on ankle when standing

Answer 29

soleus

Question 30

Calcaneal (achilles) tendon

Answer 30

attaches both gastrocnemius and soleus to the calcaneus (heel); strongest tendon in body

Question 31

flexor digitorum longus

Answer 31

flexes phalanges II-IV

Question 32

flexor hallucis longus

Answer 32

flexes digit 1

Question 33

inverts foot

Answer 33

tibialis posterior

Question 34

plantar flexes and inverts foot

Answer 34

fibularis (peroneus) Brevis and Fibularis (peroneus) longus

Question 35

extends proximal phalanx I and all phalanges of digits II-IV; only muscle on dorsum of foot

Answer 35

extensor digitorum Brevis